FOS Gene - FBJ Murine Osteosarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog

A key transcription factor in the AP-1 complex, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Gene Information Card

Symbol FOS
Full Name FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog
Gene Type Protein coding
Chromosomal Location 14q24.3
NCBI Gene ID 2353 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2353
Ensembl ID ENSG00000170345
UniProt ID P01100
OMIM ID 164810
HGNC ID 3796
Aliases c-Fos, AP-1, p55

Description

The FOS gene encodes a leucine zipper protein that dimerizes with JUN proteins to form the transcription factor complex AP-1. This complex regulates gene expression in response to extracellular signals, controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. FOS is an immediate early gene induced by growth factors, cytokines, and stress signals. Overexpression or mutation of FOS is implicated in various cancers and bone diseases.

Disease Associations

Disease category Pathophysiological mechanism Genomic evidence
Osteosarcoma FOS overexpression due to viral insertion or amplification drives uncontrolled osteoblast proliferation NCBI Gene, OMIM
Ewing sarcoma FOS-ERG fusion (rare) leads to constitutive AP-1 activation COSMIC, PubMed
Liposarcoma FOS amplification and overexpression contribute to adipocyte dedifferentiation COSMIC, NCBI Gene
Langerhans cell histiocytosis FOS mutations (e.g., p.Lys114Glu) cause sustained AP-1 signaling ClinVar, OMIM
Breast cancer FOS overexpression correlates with poor prognosis and metastasis NCBI Gene, COSMIC

Expression Profile

Tissue Expression
Tissue nTPM level
Bone marrow 12.5 Medium
Lymph node 8.3 Low
Spleen 7.1 Low
Lung 4.2 Low
Brain 2.1 Not detected
Cell Line Expression
Cell Line nTPM Notes
U2OS (osteosarcoma) 45.2 High expression
HeLa (cervical carcinoma) 22.8 Moderate expression
A549 (lung carcinoma) 6.5 Low expression
MCF7 (breast carcinoma) 3.1 Low expression
K562 (leukemia) 1.2 Not detected
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）

Mutations & Variants

Hotspot Mutations
Variant Type Frequency Functional Description
p.Lys114Glu Missense <0.1% Gain of function: increased AP-1 activity in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
p.Arg155Trp Missense <0.1% Unknown functional effect
p.Gly63Ser Missense <0.1% Unknown functional effect
Amplification Copy number gain 1-5% in osteosarcoma Overexpression driving tumorigenesis
Mutation functional classification

Loss of Function (LOF)

Not commonly reported; FOS is primarily oncogenic via gain-of-function.

Gain of Function (GOF)

p.Lys114Glu and amplification increase AP-1 transcriptional activity, promoting cell proliferation.

Dominant Negative (DN)

Not described for FOS; dominant-negative effects are more typical of JUN family members.
View complete mutation data：
ClinVar：https://www.clinvar.com/gene/2353
COSMIC：https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/gene/analysis?ln=FOS

Gene Ontology (GO)

• DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700) • RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)
• protein heterodimerization activity (GO:0046982) • regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)
• cell population proliferation (GO:0008283) • apoptotic process (GO:0006915)

Pathways

• MAPK signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04010)
• Osteoclast differentiation (KEGG: hsa04380)
• IL-17 signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04657)
• TNF signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04668)
• AP-1 transcription factor network (Reactome: R-HSA-450341)

Protein Summary

The FOS protein (c-Fos) is a 380-amino acid transcription factor containing a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain. It heterodimerizes with JUN proteins to form the AP-1 complex, which binds to TPA-responsive elements (TRE) in DNA. c-Fos is rapidly induced by growth factors and stress signals, and its stability is regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Dysregulation of c-Fos contributes to oncogenesis, particularly in bone and soft tissue tumors.

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Related Products

Product name Cat.No. Species Gene ID
FOSL1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ298 Human 8061 Details Get a Quote
FOS Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ669 Human 2353 Details Get a Quote
FOSL2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ1694 Human 2355 Details Get a Quote
FOSB Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ4621 Human 2354 Details Get a Quote
FOS Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ19195 Human 2353 Details Get a Quote
FOS Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line EDJ-KQ19196 Human 2353 Details Get a Quote
FOS Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ19197 Human 2353 Details Get a Quote
FOSL1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ18416 Human 8061 Details Get a Quote
FOSL1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line EDJ-KQ18417 Human 8061 Details Get a Quote
FOSL1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ18418 Human 8061 Details Get a Quote
FOSL2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ22822 Human 2355 Details Get a Quote
FOSL2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line EDJ-KQ22824 Human 2355 Details Get a Quote
FOSL2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ22825 Human 2355 Details Get a Quote
FOSB Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ27291 Human 2354 Details Get a Quote
FOSB Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line EDJ-KQ27292 Human 2354 Details Get a Quote
Displaying Records 1 To 15 Of 16 Records

Reference Databases

NCBI Gene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2353
OMIM https://www.omim.org/entry/164810
HGNC https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:3796
Ensembl https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000170345
UniProt https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01100
ClinVar https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/?term=FOS%5Bgene%5D
COSMIC https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/gene/analysis?ln=FOS
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