GO:0070192 chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle: Meiotic Chromosome Architecture, Genes, Functions and Research Methods
Research-grade guide for scientists and biopharma professionals
Key Takeaways
• GO:0070192 describes the biological process of chromosome organization that is specifically involved in a meiotic cell cycle, encompassing chromosome condensation, pairing, synapsis, recombination, and segregation.
• Meiotic chromosome organization is essential for faithful chromosome segregation and the generation of genetic diversity through recombination.
• Defects in meiotic chromosome organization are linked to human reproductive disorders, including non-obstructive azoospermia and age-related aneuploidy [1,3].
• Key molecular players include cohesins, condensins, the synaptonemal complex, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which regulate chromosome dynamics.
• Post-transcriptional regulation, such as m6A modification by hnRNPA2B1, modulates late pachytene progression in male meiosis.
• CRISPR-based models (knockout, point mutation, knock-in, overexpression) enable functional dissection of genes controlling meiotic chromosome organization [1,8].
Description
Chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle (GO:0070192) is a fundamental biological process that ensures the proper structure and behavior of chromosomes during meiosis, the specialized cell division that produces haploid gametes. This process includes chromosome condensation, homologous pairing, synapsis, recombination, and segregation, all of which are critical for genetic diversity and reproductive success. Defects in meiotic chromosome organization can lead to aneuploidy, infertility, and developmental disorders [1,3]. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks governing this process is therefore of great interest to researchers in reproductive biology, genetics, and medicine [1,8].
chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle At A Glance
| GO ID | GO:0070192 |
|---|---|
| GO term | chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle |
| Ontology | biological_process |
| Synonym | chromosome organisation involved in meiosis, meiotic chromosome organization |
| Major function | Ensures proper chromosome structure, pairing, recombination, and segregation during meiosis |
| Related processes | Meiotic recombination, synapsis, chromosome condensation, spindle assembly |
| Key cellular structures | Synaptonemal complex, cohesin complexes, condensin complexes, meiotic spindle |
| Disease relevance | Non-obstructive azoospermia, aneuploidy, reproductive aging |
What Is GO:0070192?
GO:0070192 is defined as a process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle. In other words, it refers to all the structural changes and movements of chromosomes that occur specifically during meiosis, distinguishing them from mitotic chromosome organization.
Why Is chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle Important in Cell Biology?
Meiotic chromosome organization is essential for the production of healthy gametes and for preventing aneuploidy, which is a leading cause of miscarriage and genetic disorders such as Down syndrome [1,3]. Moreover, errors in this process contribute to male infertility, particularly non-obstructive azoospermia, and are associated with age-related decline in reproductive fitness [1,3]. Studying GO:0070192 provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms of heredity and has direct clinical implications for reproductive medicine and cancer biology, as many genes involved in meiosis are also implicated in tumorigenesis [1,8].
• Ensures accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis I and II.
• Facilitates homologous recombination and genetic diversity.
• Prevents aneuploidy, a hallmark of reproductive failure and developmental disorders.
• Its dysfunction is linked to non-obstructive azoospermia in men.
• Age-related meiotic errors contribute to declining fertility in women.
• Regulated by post-translational modifications such as SUMOylation and ubiquitination [6,8].
• Involves phase separation for chromatin organization and chromosome behavior.
• Provides targets for CRISPR-based functional studies and therapeutic interventions [1,8].
What Happens During chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle?
Chromosome Condensation and Cohesin Loading
In simple terms: Chromosomes become compact and are held together by ring-shaped protein complexes.
During early meiosis, chromosomes undergo condensation and cohesin complexes are loaded to hold sister chromatids together. This is crucial for proper chromosome segregation and recombination [1,8]. The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates the timely removal of cohesin to allow chromosome separation.
Homologous Pairing and Synapsis
In simple terms: Homologous chromosomes find each other and zipper together.
Homologous chromosomes pair along their lengths and form the synaptonemal complex, a proteinaceous structure that stabilizes pairing and facilitates recombination. This process is tightly regulated by phase separation mechanisms that organize chromatin.
Meiotic Recombination
In simple terms: Chromosomes exchange genetic material to create new combinations of genes.
Programmed DNA double-strand breaks are repaired using the homologous chromosome as a template, leading to crossovers that increase genetic diversity. Recombination is essential for correct chromosome segregation and is linked to human reproductive health.
Chromosome Segregation and Spindle Assembly
In simple terms: Chromosomes are pulled apart into new cells by the spindle machinery.
The meiotic spindle, regulated by proteins such as Ndc80, attaches to chromosomes and ensures their accurate segregation into daughter cells. Defects in spindle organization lead to aneuploidy.
Post-transcriptional Regulation in Late Pachytene
In simple terms: RNA modifications control the timing of chromosome organization.
The m6A reader hnRNPA2B1 modulates late pachytene progression by controlling post-transcriptional events, highlighting the role of RNA modifications in meiotic chromosome organization.
Key Genes Involved in GO:0070192 chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle
The following genes and proteins are key players in chromosome organization during meiosis, based on published literature.
| Gene | Major Role | Research Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| SYCP1 | Central element of synaptonemal complex | Essential for synapsis; knockout leads to meiotic arrest |
| SYCP3 | Lateral element of synaptonemal complex | Mutations associated with azoospermia |
| REC8 | Meiotic cohesin subunit | Required for sister chromatid cohesion and recombination |
| DMC1 | Meiotic recombinase | Catalyzes strand invasion during recombination |
| RAD51 | Recombinase | Facilitates homologous pairing and strand exchange |
| MLH1 | Mismatch repair protein | Marks crossover sites; defects linked to infertility |
| Ndc80 | Kinetochore component | Regulates spindle organization and chromosome alignment |
| hnRNPA2B1 | m6A reader | Modulates late pachytene progression |
| SUMO1 | SUMOylation modifier | Regulates chromosome organization during development |
| UBE2I | SUMO-conjugating enzyme | Involved in SUMOylation pathways |
| PSMD1 | Proteasome subunit | Regulates meiotic chromosome organization via proteolysis |
| UBB | Ubiquitin | Tags proteins for degradation during meiosis |
| TOP2A | Topoisomerase II | Resolves DNA tangles during chromosome condensation |
| SMC1A | Cohesin subunit | Maintains sister chromatid cohesion |
| SMC3 | Cohesin subunit | Part of cohesin ring complex |
| STAG3 | Meiotic cohesin subunit | Essential for meiosis; mutations cause POI |
| TEX11 | Meiotic protein | Required for crossover formation; mutations in azoospermia |
How Is chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle Regulated?
The process of chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle is regulated by multiple mechanisms, including post-translational modifications such as SUMOylation and ubiquitination [6,8]. The ubiquitin-proteasome system controls the timely degradation of factors like cohesins and synaptonemal complex components, ensuring proper progression through meiosis. Additionally, phase separation of chromatin-associated proteins contributes to the dynamic organization of chromosomes. Post-transcriptional regulation by m6A modification and its reader hnRNPA2B1 modulates late pachytene progression.
chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle and Human Disease
| Gene | Disease / Biology | Potential Experimental Model |
|---|---|---|
| SYCP3 | Non-obstructive azoospermia | Knockout mouse, patient-derived iPSCs |
| TEX11 | Meiotic arrest, azoospermia | Knock-in mouse models |
| MLH1 | Infertility, cancer predisposition | Conditional knockout |
| Ndc80 | Aneuploidy, spindle defects | Overexpression in oocytes |
| hnRNPA2B1 | Defective spermatogenesis | Point mutation knock-in |
Meiotic Chromosome Organization and Male Infertility
Defects in meiotic chromosome organization are a major cause of non-obstructive azoospermia, a severe form of male infertility characterized by the absence of sperm in semen. Mutations in genes such as SYCP3, TEX11, and MLH1 have been associated with meiotic arrest and impaired fertility.
Aneuploidy and Reproductive Aging
Age-related decline in female fertility is often linked to increased meiotic errors, particularly premature sister chromatid separation and aneuploidy. Telomere dysfunction and altered chromosome organization contribute to these defects.
Cancer and Meiotic Gene Dysregulation
Some meiotic genes are aberrantly expressed in cancers, where they can contribute to genomic instability and tumor progression [1,8]. Understanding meiotic chromosome organization may reveal therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancers with meiotic gene signatures.
From chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle-Related Genes to Experimental Models
| Research Question | Suitable Model |
|---|---|
| Does gene X regulate meiotic recombination? | Knockout mouse or cell line |
| What is the effect of a patient variant in gene Y? | Point mutation knock-in |
| How does gene Z affect chromosome segregation? | Tagged knock-in for live imaging |
| Can overexpression of gene A rescue meiotic defects? | Overexpression cell model |
| Which genes are essential for synapsis? | CRISPR library screening |
| What are the interactors of protein B during meiosis? | Bioinformatics and proteomics |
How to Study the chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle Process
| Method | What It Measures | Typical Application |
|---|---|---|
| Fluorescence microscopy | Chromosome morphology and protein localization | Synapsis and recombination foci |
| Live-cell imaging | Dynamic chromosome movements | Spindle attachment and segregation |
| RNA-seq | Transcript abundance | Gene expression during meiosis |
| Ribo-seq | Translational efficiency | m6A-mediated regulation |
| Proteomics | Protein interactions and modifications | Ubiquitinome and SUMOylome |
| CRISPR screen | Gene essentiality | Identification of meiotic regulators |
| Bioinformatics | Pathway enrichment and networks | Integrative analysis of omics data |
Imaging of Meiotic Chromosomes
Fluorescence microscopy and live-cell imaging using tagged proteins (e.g., GFP-SYCP3) allow visualization of chromosome dynamics, synapsis, and segregation in real time [1,5].
Transcriptomics and Ribo-seq
RNA sequencing and Ribo-seq can reveal gene expression changes and translational regulation during meiosis, including m6A-modified transcripts.
Proteomics and Ubiquitinome Analysis
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics identifies protein interactions and post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination and SUMOylation, that regulate meiotic chromosome organization [6,8].
CRISPR Screening
Genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens can identify novel genes required for meiotic chromosome organization and fertility [1,8].
How CRISPR Can Be Used to Study GO:0070192 chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle
Knockout
CRISPR knockout of genes such as SYCP3 or TEX11 in cell lines or mouse models can reveal their essential roles in meiotic chromosome organization and fertility.
Point Mutation
Introducing patient-specific point mutations (e.g., in MLH1) via CRISPR allows functional assessment of variants associated with infertility or cancer.
Knock-in
Tagged knock-in of genes like Ndc80 with fluorescent markers enables live imaging of chromosome segregation dynamics.
Overexpression
Overexpression of candidate genes (e.g., hnRNPA2B1) can test sufficiency in driving meiotic progression or rescuing defects.
How EDITGENE Supports chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle Research
Researchers studying chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle-related genes often need to determine whether a candidate gene is causally involved in meiotic defects, and to dissect its molecular function using precise genome editing.
Contact EDITGENE today to design your custom CRISPR model for chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle research.
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMC1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ7303 | Human | 11144 | Details Get a Quote |
| MEIOC Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ14233 | Human | 284071 | Details Get a Quote |
| MEIOC Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ44209 | Human | 284071 | Details Get a Quote |
| DMC1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ32351 | Human | 11144 | Details Get a Quote |
| DMC1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ32352 | Human | 11144 | Details Get a Quote |
| RAD50 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ50932 | Human | 10111 | Details Get a Quote |
| RAD50 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ55321 | Human | 10111 | Details Get a Quote |
| MEIOC Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ59433 | Human | 284071 | Details Get a Quote |
| RAD50 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ63804 | Human | 10111 | Details Get a Quote |
| RAD50 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ72262 | Human | 10111 | Details Get a Quote |
| DMC1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ72528 | Human | 11144 | Details Get a Quote |
| MEIOC Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ76276 | Human | 284071 | Details Get a Quote |
Frequently Asked Questions About chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle
What is GO:0070192?
GO:0070192 is the Gene Ontology term for chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle, a biological process that ensures proper chromosome structure and behavior during meiosis.
What genes are involved in chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle?
Key genes include SYCP1, SYCP3, REC8, DMC1, RAD51, MLH1, Ndc80, and hnRNPA2B1, among others [1,4,5].
Why is meiotic chromosome organization important?
It is essential for genetic diversity, accurate chromosome segregation, and fertility; defects cause azoospermia and aneuploidy [1,3].
How is meiotic chromosome organization regulated?
It is regulated by post-translational modifications like SUMOylation and ubiquitination, phase separation, and RNA modifications such as m6A [4,6,7,8].
What diseases are associated with defects in meiotic chromosome organization?
Non-obstructive azoospermia, aneuploidy, reproductive aging, and some cancers [1,3].
What methods are used to study meiotic chromosome organization?
Imaging, RNA-seq, Ribo-seq, proteomics, and CRISPR screens [1,4,5,6,8].
Can CRISPR be used to study meiotic chromosome organization?
Yes, CRISPR knockout, point mutation, knock-in, and overexpression models are widely used [1,5].
What is the role of Ndc80 in meiosis?
Ndc80 regulates meiotic spindle organization, chromosome alignment, and cell cycle progression in mouse oocytes.
How does hnRNPA2B1 affect meiosis?
hnRNPA2B1, an m6A reader, modulates late pachytene progression in male meiosis through post-transcriptional control.
What is the ubiquitin-proteasome system's role in meiotic chromosome organization?
It regulates the timely degradation of meiotic proteins, ensuring proper chromosome organization.
Conclusion
Chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle (GO:0070192) is a critical biological process that safeguards genome integrity and fertility. Research into its molecular mechanisms, regulation, and disease links continues to uncover new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers. Leveraging CRISPR-based models and advanced omics technologies will accelerate discoveries in reproductive biology and beyond.
References
- 1. Xie C et al.. 2022. Meiotic recombination: insights into its mechanisms and its role in human reproduction with a special focus on non-obstructive azoospermia.. Hum Reprod Update 28(6):763-797 PMID: 35613017
- 2. Benbow RM. 1992. Chromosome structures.. Sci Prog 76(301-302 Pt 3-4):425-50 PMID: 1364580
- 3. Keefe DL et al.. 2009. Telomeres and reproductive aging.. Reprod Fertil Dev 21(1):10-4 PMID: 19152740
- 4. Yin L et al.. 2025. m(6)A Reader hnRNPA2B1 Modulates Late Pachytene Progression in Male Meiosis Through Post-Transcriptional Control.. Adv Sci (Weinh) 12(38):e06600 PMID: 40720760
- 5. Sun SC et al.. 2011. Ndc80 regulates meiotic spindle organization, chromosome alignment, and cell cycle progression in mouse oocytes.. Microsc Microanal 17(3):431-9 PMID: 21600073
- 6. Talamillo A et al.. 2020. The role of SUMOylation during development.. Biochem Soc Trans 48(2):463-478 PMID: 32311032
- 7. Li J et al.. 2021. Control of Chromatin Organization and Chromosome Behavior during the Cell Cycle through Phase Separation.. Int J Mol Sci 22(22) PMID: 34830152
- 8. Yang X et al.. 2022. The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates meiotic chromosome organization.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 119(17):e2106902119 PMID: 35439061
