GO:0098536 deuterosome: Components, Assembly and Research Methods, Genes, Functions and Research Methods
Research-grade guide for scientists and biopharma professionals
Key Takeaways
• GO:0098536 deuterosome is a spherical, electron-dense cytoplasmic structure that mediates de novo centriole assembly.
• Deuterosomes are essential for massive centriole amplification in multiciliated cells, where they seed the formation of hundreds of basal bodies [1,2].
• Key molecular players include Deup1, Cep152, Plk4, Ccno, and CDC20B, which cooperate to drive deuterosome-dependent centriole biogenesis [1,3,5,7].
• Parental centrioles are dispensable for deuterosome formation and function, highlighting a unique acentriolar pathway [4,6].
• Dysregulation of deuterosome-mediated centriole amplification is linked to ciliopathies and potentially to cancer [2,8].
• CRISPR-based knockout, knock-in, and overexpression models are powerful tools to dissect deuterosome gene function and identify therapeutic targets [3,7].
Description
The deuterosome (GO:0098536) is a specialized cytoplasmic structure that orchestrates the de novo assembly of centrioles, the centriole-containing organelles that template cilia and flagella. First characterized in multiciliated cells (MCCs), deuterosomes are electron-dense, spherical platforms that nucleate multiple procentrioles simultaneously, enabling the production of hundreds of basal bodies required for motile cilia function [1,2]. This process is critical for the proper development and function of tissues such as the airway epithelium, ependyma, and oviduct. Understanding deuterosome biology is therefore essential for researchers studying ciliogenesis, cell differentiation, and related human diseases [2,8]. Recent studies have identified a core set of proteins that localize to deuterosomes and drive their assembly and activity, including Deup1, Cep152, Plk4, Ccno, and CDC20B [1,3,5,7]. These findings have opened new avenues for investigating the molecular mechanisms of centriole amplification and for developing models to study ciliary diseases [2,8].
deuterosome At A Glance
| GO ID | GO:0098536 |
|---|---|
| GO term | deuterosome |
| Ontology | cellular_component |
| Synonym | None |
| Major function | De novo centriole assembly |
| Cellular location | Cytoplasm |
| Structure | Spherical, electron-dense |
| Organism | Metazoa |
What Is GO:0098536?
The deuterosome is defined by the Gene Ontology as a spherical, electron-dense, cytoplasmic structure involved in the de novo assembly of centrioles. It serves as a scaffold that recruits centriole duplication factors to generate multiple centrioles independently of pre-existing parental centrioles [1,4].
Why Is deuterosome Important in Cell Biology?
The deuterosome is a central player in the generation of multiciliated cells, which are essential for fluid movement, mucus clearance, and cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Defects in deuterosome-mediated centriole amplification can lead to reduced cilia numbers and impaired ciliary function, contributing to ciliopathies such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and hydrocephalus [2,8]. Moreover, the deuterosome pathway is a unique example of acentriolar centriole biogenesis, providing insights into the fundamental mechanisms of organelle assembly [1,4].
• Enables the production of hundreds of basal bodies in multiciliated cells [1,2].
• Essential for motile cilia function and fluid flow in airways and brain ventricles.
• Provides a model for de novo centriole assembly independent of parental centrioles [4,6].
• Involved in cell differentiation and tissue development.
• Dysregulation linked to ciliopathies and potentially cancer [2,8].
• Key proteins are targets for CRISPR-based functional studies [3,7].
• Offers insights into centriole amplification mechanisms [1,5].
• Relevant for regenerative medicine and ciliary disease research.
What Happens During deuterosome?
Initiation of Deuterosome Assembly
In simple terms: The cell starts building a deuterosome when it needs to make many centrioles.
Deuterosome assembly begins with the recruitment of Deup1, which self-assembles into a spherical platform [1,5]. Deup1 interacts with Cep152, a key centriole duplication factor, to initiate the formation of the deuterosome. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and is independent of parental centrioles [4,6].
Recruitment of Centriole Duplication Factors
In simple terms: The deuterosome attracts the molecular machinery needed to build centrioles.
Once formed, the deuterosome recruits Plk4, a master regulator of centriole biogenesis, along with Ccno and CDC20B [3,7]. These proteins are essential for the subsequent steps of centriole assembly [3,7]. The localization of these factors to the deuterosome is critical for efficient centriole amplification.
Nucleation and Elongation of Procentrioles
In simple terms: New centrioles start to grow from the deuterosome surface.
Procentrioles nucleate on the deuterosome surface, with multiple procentrioles forming simultaneously around a single deuterosome. The deuterosome provides a scaffold for the assembly of centriolar microtubules and associated proteins [1,5]. This leads to the production of numerous centrioles that later mature into basal bodies.
Maturation and Docking of Basal Bodies
In simple terms: The new centrioles mature and move to the cell surface to form cilia.
After elongation, the newly formed centrioles mature into basal bodies and migrate to the apical membrane, where they dock and template the growth of motile cilia [2,8]. This step is crucial for the formation of a functional multiciliated cell.
Key Genes Involved in GO:0098536 deuterosome
The following genes and proteins are key players in deuterosome-mediated centriole biogenesis, as identified in published literature.
| Gene | Major Role | Research Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Deup1 | Core deuterosome component; self-assembles to form the deuterosome scaffold | Essential for deuterosome formation; knockout abolishes centriole amplification [1,5] |
| Cep152 | Centriole duplication factor; interacts with Deup1 and Plk4 | Required for deuterosome-mediated centriole assembly |
| Plk4 | Master kinase regulating centriole biogenesis | Recruited to deuterosomes; inhibition blocks centriole amplification [1,3] |
| Ccno | Cyclin O; regulates deuterosome-mediated centriole amplification | Mutations cause reduced centriole numbers; knockout models available |
| CDC20B | Required for deuterosome-mediated centriole production | Knockdown impairs centriole amplification in MCCs |
| Cep63 | Centrosomal protein involved in centriole duplication | May cooperate with Cep152 at deuterosomes |
| Sas6 | Centriolar protein essential for centriole assembly | Potential downstream target of deuterosome signaling |
| Cp110 | Regulates centriole length and duplication | May be involved in deuterosome-mediated centriole maturation |
| Cep135 | Centriolar protein required for centriole assembly | Potential component of deuterosome pathway |
| Cep192 | Centrosomal protein involved in centriole duplication | May interact with Plk4 at deuterosomes |
| STIL | Centriolar protein essential for centriole duplication | Potential role in deuterosome-mediated amplification |
| Cep152 | Centriole duplication factor | Key interactor of Deup1 |
| Cep63 | Centrosomal protein | May regulate deuterosome assembly |
| Cep57 | Centrosomal protein | Potential role in centriole amplification |
| Cep131 | Centriolar protein | May be involved in deuterosome function |
| Cep290 | Ciliopathy-associated protein | Potential link to deuterosome-related ciliopathies |
| FoxJ1 | Transcription factor regulating multiciliogenesis | Upstream regulator of deuterosome gene expression |
| Myb | Transcription factor regulating multiciliogenesis | Upstream regulator of deuterosome gene expression |
How Is deuterosome Regulated?
Deuterosome formation and function are regulated at multiple levels. Transcription factors such as FoxJ1 and Myb control the expression of deuterosome components during multiciliogenesis. Post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation by Plk4, regulate the recruitment of centriole duplication factors to the deuterosome [1,3]. Additionally, the self-assembly properties of Deup1 are critical for deuterosome formation, and this process may be modulated by cellular signals that trigger multiciliated cell differentiation.
deuterosome and Human Disease
| Gene | Disease / Biology | Potential Experimental Model |
|---|---|---|
| Ccno | Primary ciliary dyskinesia | Ccno knockout mouse or human iPSC-derived MCCs |
| CDC20B | Ciliopathy | CDC20B knockdown in airway epithelial cells |
| Deup1 | Hydrocephalus | Deup1 knockout mouse [1,4] |
| Cep152 | Seckel syndrome | Cep152 mutant cell lines |
| Plk4 | Cancer | Plk4 overexpression in cancer cell lines |
Ciliopathies
Defects in deuterosome-mediated centriole amplification can lead to reduced numbers of motile cilia, contributing to ciliopathies such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and hydrocephalus [2,8]. Mutations in genes like Ccno and CDC20B have been associated with impaired centriole production in multiciliated cells [3,7].
Cancer
Abnormal centriole amplification is a hallmark of many cancer cells, and deuterosome components may be ectopically expressed in tumors. However, direct evidence linking deuterosome genes to cancer remains limited and requires further investigation.
Developmental Disorders
Proper multiciliogenesis is essential for embryonic development, and disruption of deuterosome function could lead to developmental defects. Animal models with mutations in deuterosome genes are valuable for studying these disorders [4,6].
From deuterosome-Related Genes to Experimental Models
| Research Question | Suitable Model |
|---|---|
| Does Deup1 self-assembly drive deuterosome formation? | Deup1 knockout and rescue with mutant constructs [1,5] |
| Is Ccno required for centriole amplification? | Ccno knockout mouse or human MCCs |
| What is the role of CDC20B in deuterosome function? | CDC20B knockdown or knockout in MCCs |
| Are parental centrioles required for deuterosome formation? | Parental centriole removal followed by deuterosome analysis [4,6] |
| Can Plk4 inhibition block deuterosome-mediated amplification? | Plk4 inhibitor treatment in MCC cultures |
| What is the interactome of Deup1? | Tagged knock-in of Deup1 followed by proteomics |
How to Study the deuterosome Process
| Method | What It Measures | Typical Application |
|---|---|---|
| Electron microscopy | Ultrastructure of deuterosome and centrioles | Visualizing deuterosome morphology |
| Immunofluorescence | Localization of deuterosome proteins | Co-localization studies |
| AP-MS | Protein-protein interactions | Identifying novel deuterosome components |
| CRISPR knockout | Gene function | Assessing requirement for deuterosome formation [3,7] |
| Live-cell imaging | Dynamics of deuterosome assembly | Real-time tracking of Deup1 |
| RNA-seq | Transcriptional profiling | Identifying genes upregulated during multiciliogenesis |
| Proximity ligation assay | In situ protein interactions | Detecting Deup1-Cep152 interaction |
| Super-resolution microscopy | Nanoscale organization | Resolving deuterosome substructure |
Imaging Deuterosomes
Electron microscopy (EM) and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy are essential for visualizing the spherical, electron-dense deuterosome and its associated procentrioles [1,2]. Immunofluorescence with antibodies against Deup1, Cep152, and Plk4 allows specific labeling of deuterosomes.
Proteomic Analysis
Affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP-MS) using tagged Deup1 or other deuterosome proteins can identify novel components and interactors. This approach has been used to characterize the Deup1 self-assembly network.
Functional Genomics
CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens and RNAi knockdown are powerful methods to assess the requirement of specific genes for deuterosome formation and centriole amplification [3,7]. These techniques can be applied in multiciliated cell culture models.
Live-Cell Imaging
Live-cell imaging of fluorescently tagged deuterosome proteins (e.g., Deup1-GFP) enables real-time tracking of deuterosome assembly and centriole nucleation [1,5]. This method provides dynamic insights into the biogenesis process.
How CRISPR Can Be Used to Study GO:0098536 deuterosome
Knockout
CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of deuterosome genes such as Deup1, Ccno, or CDC20B in multiciliated cell models can abolish centriole amplification, providing direct evidence of their essential roles [3,7]. These models are valuable for studying the consequences of deuterosome loss on cilia formation and function.
Point Mutation
Introducing point mutations in genes like Deup1 or Plk4 can dissect specific domains required for deuterosome assembly or kinase activity [1,5]. For example, mutations in the self-assembly domain of Deup1 can prevent deuterosome formation.
Knock-in
Knock-in of fluorescent tags (e.g., GFP) or epitope tags into endogenous deuterosome genes allows real-time imaging and proteomic analysis of the deuterosome [1,5]. Tagged knock-in models are also useful for tracking protein localization during multiciliogenesis.
Overexpression
Overexpression of deuterosome components such as Deup1 or Plk4 can induce ectopic centriole amplification, providing insights into sufficiency and regulation [1,3]. These models help identify downstream effects and potential pathological consequences.
How EDITGENE Supports deuterosome Research
Researchers studying deuterosome-related genes often need to determine whether a candidate gene is causally involved in centriole amplification and ciliogenesis. EDITGENE provides a comprehensive suite of CRISPR-based services to accelerate this research, from gene knockout to precise point mutations and knock-in models.
Contact EDITGENE today to design your custom CRISPR model for deuterosome research.
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCDC78 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ8448 | Human | 124093 | Details Get a Quote |
| CDC20B Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ12835 | Human | 166979 | Details Get a Quote |
| DEUP1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ13143 | Human | 159989 | Details Get a Quote |
| CCDC78 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ34565 | Human | 124093 | Details Get a Quote |
| CCDC78 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ34566 | Human | 124093 | Details Get a Quote |
| CCDC78 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ34567 | Human | 124093 | Details Get a Quote |
| SASS6 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ52112 | Human | 163786 | Details Get a Quote |
| DEUP1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ58807 | Human | 159989 | Details Get a Quote |
| SASS6 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ58865 | Human | 163786 | Details Get a Quote |
| CDC20B Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ58900 | Human | 166979 | Details Get a Quote |
| DEUP1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ67291 | Human | 159989 | Details Get a Quote |
| SASS6 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ67357 | Human | 163786 | Details Get a Quote |
| CDC20B Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ67389 | Human | 166979 | Details Get a Quote |
| DEUP1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ75691 | Human | 159989 | Details Get a Quote |
| SASS6 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ75749 | Human | 163786 | Details Get a Quote |
Frequently Asked Questions About deuterosome
What is a deuterosome?
A deuterosome is a spherical, electron-dense cytoplasmic structure that mediates de novo centriole assembly, particularly in multiciliated cells.
What genes are involved in deuterosome formation?
Key genes include Deup1, Cep152, Plk4, Ccno, and CDC20B [1,3,5,7].
What is the function of GO:0098536?
GO:0098536 describes the deuterosome, a cellular component involved in de novo centriole assembly.
How are deuterosomes studied?
Deuterosomes are studied using electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, proteomics, and CRISPR-based functional genomics [1,5,3].
Are deuterosomes present in all cell types?
Deuterosomes are primarily found in multiciliated cells, where they facilitate massive centriole amplification.
What diseases are associated with deuterosome dysfunction?
Dysfunction is linked to ciliopathies such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and hydrocephalus [2,8].
Can CRISPR be used to study deuterosome genes?
Yes, CRISPR knockout, knock-in, and overexpression models are powerful tools for dissecting deuterosome gene function [3,7].
What is the role of Deup1 in deuterosomes?
Deup1 is a core component that self-assembles to form the deuterosome scaffold and recruits centriole duplication factors [1,5].
How does CDC20B contribute to deuterosome function?
CDC20B is required for deuterosome-mediated centriole production in multiciliated cells.
What model systems are used to study deuterosomes?
Common models include mouse tracheal epithelial cells, Xenopus, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived multiciliated cells [3,7].
Conclusion
The deuterosome (GO:0098536) is a unique cellular structure that drives de novo centriole assembly in multiciliated cells, a process essential for cilia formation and tissue function [1,2]. Understanding its molecular components and regulation has implications for ciliopathies and developmental disorders. With advanced CRISPR tools from EDITGENE, researchers can now dissect deuterosome biology with unprecedented precision, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies [3,7].
References
- 1. Klos Dehring DA et al.. 2013. Deuterosome-mediated centriole biogenesis.. Dev Cell 27(1):103-12 PMID: 24075808
- 2. Shahid U et al.. 2018. Emerging Picture of Deuterosome-Dependent Centriole Amplification in MCCs.. Cells 7(10) PMID: 30262752
- 3. Revinski DR et al.. 2018. CDC20B is required for deuterosome-mediated centriole production in multiciliated cells.. Nat Commun 9(1):4668 PMID: 30405130
- 4. Zhao H et al.. 2019. Parental centrioles are dispensable for deuterosome formation and function during basal body amplification.. EMBO Rep 20(4) PMID: 30833343
- 5. Yamamoto S et al.. 2021. Biophysical and biochemical properties of Deup1 self-assemblies: a potential driver for deuterosome formation during multiciliogenesis.. Biol Open 10(3) PMID: 33658185
- 6. Unknown. 2020. Parental centrioles are dispensable for deuterosome formation and function during basal body amplification.. EMBO Rep 21(3):e50018 PMID: 32129001
- 7. Funk MC et al.. 2015. Cyclin O (Ccno) functions during deuterosome-mediated centriole amplification of multiciliated cells.. EMBO J 34(8):1078-89 PMID: 25712475
- 8. Boutin C et al.. 2019. Biology of multiciliated cells.. Curr Opin Genet Dev 56:1-7 PMID: 31102978
