APOD: Apolipoprotein D - A Lipocalin Transporter and Neuroprotective Factor
Comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis of APOD, a glycoprotein involved in lipid transport, aging, and neurological disorders.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | APOD |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Apolipoprotein D |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 3q29 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 347 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/347 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000189058 |
| UniProt ID | P05090 |
| OMIM ID | 107740 |
| HGNC ID | 608 |
| Aliases | apoD, apolipoprotein D, Apo-D |
Description
APOD encodes apolipoprotein D, a 29 kDa glycoprotein belonging to the lipocalin family. It binds small hydrophobic ligands such as cholesterol, arachidonic acid, and progesterone, and is involved in lipid transport, antioxidant activity, and neuroprotection. APOD is highly expressed in the nervous system and is upregulated in aging and several neurodegenerative conditions.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer disease | APOD is upregulated in the hippocampus and cortex; may modulate amyloid-beta aggregation and lipid metabolism in glial cells. | PMID: 10944470; NCBI GeneRIF |
| Schizophrenia | APOD expression is altered in prefrontal cortex and cerebrospinal fluid; associated with myelin and lipid dysregulation. | PMID: 16981828; NCBI GeneRIF |
| Breast cancer | APOD is expressed in breast cyst fluid; may influence steroid hormone transport and tumor progression. | PMID: 15958558; NCBI GeneRIF |
| Niemann-Pick disease type C | APOD accumulates in lysosomal storage disease models; potential biomarker. | PMID: 20628055; NCBI GeneRIF |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain (cerebral cortex) | 12.5 | High |
| Spinal cord | 10.2 | High |
| Adrenal gland | 8.7 | Medium |
| Liver | 2.1 | Low |
| Kidney | 1.8 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) | 15.3 | High expression in neuronal-like cells |
| U-87 MG (glioblastoma) | 9.8 | Moderate expression |
| HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) | 1.2 | Low expression |
| MCF7 (breast cancer) | 4.5 | Moderate expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.94G>A (p.Gly32Arg) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown; rare variant in population databases |
| c.200C>T (p.Thr67Met) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown; predicted benign by SIFT |
| c.352A>G (p.Asn118Asp) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown; no functional studies |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in APOD.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported in APOD.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No evidence of dominant-negative effects for APOD mutations.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • GO:0005319 – lipid transporter activity | • GO:0005504 – fatty acid binding |
| • GO:0005576 – extracellular region | • GO:0005615 – extracellular space |
| • GO:0006869 – lipid transport | • GO:0032355 – response to estradiol |
| • GO:0042493 – response to drug | • GO:0042802 – identical protein binding |
Pathways
• Lipid transport and metabolism (Reactome: R-HSA-382551)
• Scavenging by Class A Receptors (Reactome: R-HSA-3000480)
Protein Summary
Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is a 169-amino-acid glycoprotein with a lipocalin fold, containing a beta-barrel that binds small hydrophobic ligands. It is secreted into plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, where it associates with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). ApoD exhibits antioxidant properties by binding and transporting lipid peroxidation products, and is implicated in nerve regeneration, myelination, and protection against oxidative stress. Its expression increases with age and in various neurological disorders.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| APOD Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ4071 | Human | 347 | Details Get a Quote |
| APOD Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDC07760 | Human | 347 | Details Get a Quote |
| APOD Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ52639 | Human | 347 | Details Get a Quote |
| APOD Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ69600 | Human | 347 | Details Get a Quote |
| APOD Knockout HEK293T Cell Line | EDC07812 | Human | 347 | Details Get a Quote |
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