ZP3: Zona Pellucida Glycoprotein 3
Key Sperm Receptor in Fertilization and Oocyte-Specific Extracellular Matrix
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | ZP3 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Zona Pellucida Glycoprotein 3 (Sperm Receptor) |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 7q11.23 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 7784 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7784 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000106384 |
| UniProt ID | P21754 |
| OMIM ID | 182889 |
| HGNC ID | 13189 |
| Aliases | ZP3A, ZP3B, ZPC |
Description
ZP3 encodes a glycoprotein that is a major component of the zona pellucida, the extracellular matrix surrounding the oocyte. ZP3 functions as the primary sperm receptor, mediating species-specific sperm binding and inducing the acrosome reaction, which is essential for fertilization. The gene is expressed exclusively in oocytes and is critical for female fertility.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Female infertility due to zona pellucida defect | Loss-of-function mutations in ZP3 disrupt zona pellucida formation, preventing sperm binding and fertilization. | ClinVar, OMIM |
| Oocyte maturation defect | ZP3 mutations can lead to abnormal zona pellucida structure, impairing oocyte development and fertilization. | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Ovary | 0.0 | Not detected (oocyte-specific, not in bulk tissue) |
| Testis | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Fallopian tube | 0.0 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Oocyte | High (RNA-seq) | Exclusive expression in oocytes |
| Embryonic stem cells | Not detected | No expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Missense | Rare | Loss of start codon, likely loss of function |
| c.400C>T (p.Arg134*) | Nonsense | Rare | Premature stop, loss of function |
| c.662G>A (p.Trp221*) | Nonsense | Rare | Premature stop, loss of function |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Nonsense and missense mutations that disrupt ZP3 protein structure or expression lead to loss of sperm receptor function and female infertility.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Fertilization (Reactome: R-HSA-1187000)
• Oocyte maturation (Reactome: R-HSA-1474165)
Protein Summary
ZP3 is a 424-amino acid glycoprotein that forms the zona pellucida matrix together with ZP1, ZP2, and ZP4. It contains a zona pellucida domain (ZP domain) and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. The protein is cleaved and secreted, then polymerizes into filaments. ZP3 specifically binds to sperm surface proteins, triggering the acrosome reaction. Mutations in ZP3 cause female infertility due to defective zona pellucida.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZP3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ3462 | Human | 7784 | Details Get a Quote |
| ZP3 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ25208 | Human | 7784 | Details Get a Quote |
| ZP3 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ25209 | Human | 7784 | Details Get a Quote |
| ZP3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ25210 | Human | 7784 | Details Get a Quote |
| POMZP3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ51071 | Human | 22932 | Details Get a Quote |
| POMZP3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ55659 | Human | 22932 | Details Get a Quote |
| POMZP3 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ64159 | Human | 22932 | Details Get a Quote |
| POMZP3 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ72605 | Human | 22932 | Details Get a Quote |
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