XCR1 (X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1)
The XCR1 gene encodes a chemokine receptor that specifically binds XCL1 and XCL2, playing a critical role in dendritic cell-mediated immune responses and cross-presentation.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | XCR1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 3p21.31 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2829 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2829 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000197943 |
| UniProt ID | P46094 |
| OMIM ID | 600552 |
| HGNC ID | 2491 |
| Aliases | GPR5, CCXCR1, XCR1 |
Description
XCR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor that specifically binds the chemokines XCL1 (lymphotactin) and XCL2. It is predominantly expressed on a subset of dendritic cells (conventional type 1 dendritic cells, cDC1s) and plays a crucial role in antigen cross-presentation, which is essential for cytotoxic T cell responses against tumors and viruses. XCR1 signaling also contributes to immune regulation and has been implicated in various inflammatory and malignant conditions.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer (various types) | XCR1 expression on dendritic cells is associated with anti-tumor immunity; its loss may impair immune surveillance. | Studies show XCR1+ dendritic cells are critical for tumor rejection in mouse models (PMID: 23913120). |
| Viral infections | XCR1+ dendritic cells are essential for CD8+ T cell responses to viral infections. | Research demonstrates impaired viral control in XCR1-deficient mice (PMID: 23913120). |
| Autoimmune diseases | XCR1 signaling may modulate immune tolerance; dysregulation could contribute to autoimmunity. | Limited evidence; further research needed. |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Spleen | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Lymph node | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Bone marrow | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Blood | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Thymus | 0.0 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Dendritic cells (cDC1) | Not available | High expression; key functional role |
| Monocytes | Not available | Low/absent |
| T cells | Not available | Low/absent |
| B cells | Not available | Low/absent |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.337C>T (p.Arg113Trp) | Missense | Rare | Potential loss of function; not well characterized |
| c.520G>A (p.Val174Ile) | Missense | Rare | Unknown functional impact |
| c.1-? (promoter variants) | Regulatory | Rare | May affect expression; not confirmed |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Loss-of-function mutations in XCR1 are rare and may impair dendritic cell migration or signaling, potentially affecting immune responses.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations have been reported for XCR1.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations have been described for XCR1.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G protein-coupled receptor activity | • chemokine receptor activity |
| • C-X-C chemokine receptor activity | • signal transduction |
| • immune response | • cell chemotaxis |
| • positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity |
Pathways
• Chemokine signaling pathway
• Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
• Antigen processing and presentation (cross-presentation)
Protein Summary
XCR1 is a 333-amino acid protein with seven transmembrane domains, typical of G protein-coupled receptors. It is highly conserved across mammals. The receptor binds specifically to XCL1 and XCL2, activating intracellular signaling cascades (e.g., calcium mobilization, MAPK pathways) that promote dendritic cell chemotaxis and functional maturation. Its expression is restricted to cDC1s, making it a valuable marker for this cell subset.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CXCR1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1723 | Human | 3577 | Details Get a Quote |
| XCR1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ4756 | Human | 2829 | Details Get a Quote |
| CPXCR1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ11330 | Human | 53336 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRXCR1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ13688 | Human | 389207 | Details Get a Quote |
| XCR1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53384 | Human | 2829 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCR1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53640 | Human | 3577 | Details Get a Quote |
| CPXCR1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ56366 | Human | 53336 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRXCR1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ60076 | Human | 389207 | Details Get a Quote |
| XCR1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ61862 | Human | 2829 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCR1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ62115 | Human | 3577 | Details Get a Quote |
| CPXCR1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ64856 | Human | 53336 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRXCR1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ68538 | Human | 389207 | Details Get a Quote |
| XCR1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ70344 | Human | 2829 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCR1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ70604 | Human | 3577 | Details Get a Quote |
| CPXCR1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ73299 | Human | 53336 | Details Get a Quote |
Displaying Records 1 To 15 Of 16 Records
