XCL1 (X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1)
Lymphotactin: A C-Class Chemokine Involved in Immune Regulation and Antitumor Immunity
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | XCL1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 1q24.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 6375 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6375 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000143184 |
| UniProt ID | P47992 |
| OMIM ID | 600250 |
| HGNC ID | 10645 |
| Aliases | ATAC, LTN, LPTN, SCYC1, lymphotactin |
Description
XCL1 (X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1) encodes lymphotactin, a member of the C-class chemokine family characterized by two N-terminal cysteines separated by a single amino acid. Lymphotactin is primarily produced by activated CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and certain innate lymphoid cells. It functions as a chemoattractant for T lymphocytes and NK cells, playing a key role in adaptive and innate immune responses, particularly in antitumor immunity and inflammatory processes.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | XCL1 recruits T cells to intestinal mucosa, contributing to chronic inflammation | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Elevated XCL1 levels in synovial fluid promote T cell infiltration and joint inflammation | NCBI Gene |
| Cancer (various) | XCL1 expression in tumor microenvironment can enhance antitumor immune responses by recruiting cytotoxic T cells and NK cells | NCBI Gene, COSMIC |
| HIV infection | XCL1 can inhibit HIV-1 entry by binding to the XCR1 receptor, though not a primary coreceptor | NCBI Gene |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Spleen | 12.3 | Medium |
| Lymph node | 10.8 | Medium |
| Thymus | 8.5 | Low |
| Bone marrow | 6.2 | Low |
| Lung | 4.1 | Low |
| Small intestine | 3.9 | Low |
| Colon | 3.5 | Low |
| Appendix | 3.2 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Jurkat (T cell leukemia) | 15.6 | High expression |
| K-562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia) | 8.3 | Medium expression |
| HEK 293 (embryonic kidney) | 2.1 | Low expression |
| HeLa (cervical carcinoma) | 1.8 | Low expression |
| A549 (lung carcinoma) | 1.5 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Missense | <0.01% | Potential loss of start codon; functional impact unknown |
| c.94G>A (p.Gly32Arg) | Missense | <0.01% | Rare variant; may affect protein structure |
| c.206C>T (p.Thr69Ile) | Missense | <0.01% | Rare variant; functional significance not established |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No well-characterized loss-of-function mutations reported in XCL1.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations described for XCL1.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations known for XCL1.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Chemokine signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04062)
• Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (KEGG: hsa04060)
• T cell receptor signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04660)
• Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity (KEGG: hsa04650)
Protein Summary
Lymphotactin (XCL1) is a 114-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of approximately 12.5 kDa. It is the only known C-class chemokine, characterized by a single disulfide bond. The protein is secreted as a monomer and binds specifically to the XCR1 receptor. Lymphotactin exists in two interconverting conformations: a canonical chemokine fold and a novel beta-sheet dimer, which may regulate its activity. It is a potent chemoattractant for T cells and NK cells, playing a critical role in immune surveillance and antitumor immunity.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| XCL1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ50616 | Human | 6375 | Details Get a Quote |
| XCL1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54434 | Human | 6375 | Details Get a Quote |
| XCL1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ62922 | Human | 6375 | Details Get a Quote |
| XCL1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ71392 | Human | 6375 | Details Get a Quote |
