VIPR1 Gene - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor 1
VIPR1: A G protein-coupled receptor for VIP and PACAP, involved in neuroendocrine signaling, smooth muscle relaxation, and immune modulation.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | VIPR1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor 1 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 3p22.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 7433 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7433 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000114812 |
| UniProt ID | P32241 |
| OMIM ID | 192321 |
| HGNC ID | 12694 |
| Aliases | VPAC1, VIRG, PACAP-R-2, HVR1 |
Description
VIPR1 encodes the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1, a class B G protein-coupled receptor that binds vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Activation of VIPR1 stimulates adenylate cyclase, increasing intracellular cAMP levels, and mediates diverse physiological processes including smooth muscle relaxation, exocrine and endocrine secretion, immune modulation, and circadian rhythm regulation.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Crohn's Disease | Altered VIPR1 signaling may disrupt intestinal immune homeostasis and epithelial barrier function. | PMID: 11592034 |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | VIPR1 variants have been associated with altered neurodevelopment and social behavior in genetic studies. | PMID: 17999362 |
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | Increased VIPR1 expression in lung fibroblasts may contribute to fibrotic remodeling. | PMID: 23349010 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lung | 12.5 | Medium |
| Small Intestine | 18.3 | High |
| Colon | 15.1 | High |
| Brain (cerebellum) | 8.2 | Medium |
| Heart | 4.6 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| A549 (lung carcinoma) | 10.2 | High expression |
| Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) | 14.8 | High expression |
| SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) | 6.5 | Moderate expression |
| HEK293 (embryonic kidney) | 2.1 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.100C>T (p.Arg34Cys) | Missense | <0.01% | Reduced receptor activation; associated with altered cAMP response |
| c.457G>A (p.Gly153Ser) | Missense | <0.01% | Decreased cell surface expression |
| c.1123A>G (p.Thr375Ala) | Missense | 0.02% | No significant functional change reported |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
p.Arg34Cys and p.Gly153Ser reduce receptor activity or surface expression, leading to impaired VIP signaling.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations have been reported in VIPR1.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations have been characterized for VIPR1.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G protein-coupled receptor activity | • vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor activity |
| • adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | • positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling |
| • smooth muscle relaxation | • immune response |
Pathways
• VIP/PACAP-mediated signaling pathway
• cAMP/PKA signaling pathway
• GPCR downstream signaling
Protein Summary
VIPR1 is a 457-amino acid class B GPCR with a large N-terminal extracellular domain responsible for ligand binding. It couples primarily to Gs proteins, leading to cAMP production and PKA activation. The receptor is widely expressed in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and immune cells, where it regulates secretion, vasodilation, and anti-inflammatory responses. Structural studies reveal a conserved disulfide bond network and a transmembrane helical bundle typical of secretin-like receptors.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VIPR1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ6010 | Human | 7433 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPR1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ28331 | Human | 7433 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPR1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ29617 | Human | 7433 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPR1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ63233 | Human | 7433 | Details Get a Quote |
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