VIP: Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
A neuropeptide hormone with roles in neurotransmission, smooth muscle relaxation, and immune modulation.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | VIP |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 6q25.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 7432 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7432 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000146469 |
| UniProt ID | P01282 |
| OMIM ID | 192320 |
| HGNC ID | 12693 |
| Aliases | PHM27, VIP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide |
Description
The VIP gene encodes vasoactive intestinal peptide, a 28-amino acid neuropeptide belonging to the glucagon/secretin superfamily. It acts as a neurotransmitter and hormone, mediating smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation, exocrine secretion, and immune modulation. VIP exerts its effects through VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| VIPoma | Ectopic VIP secretion from pancreatic islet tumors leads to watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (WDHA syndrome). | Established; elevated plasma VIP levels are diagnostic. |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | Altered VIP expression and signaling contribute to intestinal inflammation and dysmotility. | Association studies and animal models. |
| Pulmonary Hypertension | VIP deficiency or receptor dysfunction may impair pulmonary vasodilation. | Reduced VIP levels in patients; experimental therapies. |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 12.5 | Medium |
| Small Intestine | 8.3 | Medium |
| Pancreas | 6.1 | Low |
| Lung | 4.7 | Low |
| Heart | 2.1 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) | 15.2 | Neuronal model; high expression |
| Caco-2 (colorectal) | 7.8 | Intestinal epithelial model |
| A549 (lung) | 3.4 | Low expression |
| HepG2 (liver) | 0.5 | Not detected |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.79G>A (p.Gly27Arg) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown; rare variant in population databases |
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Start loss | <0.01% | Likely loss of function; not well characterized |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Rare start-loss and missense variants predicted to disrupt peptide synthesis or receptor binding.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | • neuropeptide signaling pathway |
| • hormone activity | • smooth muscle relaxation |
| • positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity |
Pathways
• GPCR downstream signaling (VPAC1/VPAC2)
• cAMP/PKA signaling
• Regulation of insulin secretion
Protein Summary
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide with a C-terminal amidated structure. It is synthesized as a larger precursor (prepro-VIP) and proteolytically processed. VIP binds with high affinity to VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors, activating adenylate cyclase and increasing intracellular cAMP. It is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, gastrointestinal tract, and immune cells, regulating smooth muscle tone, secretion, and immune homeostasis.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VIP Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1758 | Human | 7432 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPR2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1770 | Human | 7434 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPR1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ6010 | Human | 7433 | Details Get a Quote |
| SVIP Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ12003 | Human | 258010 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPAS39 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ15317 | Human | 63894 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPR2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21641 | Human | 7434 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPR1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ28331 | Human | 7433 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPR1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ29617 | Human | 7433 | Details Get a Quote |
| SVIP Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ40586 | Human | 258010 | Details Get a Quote |
| SVIP Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ40587 | Human | 258010 | Details Get a Quote |
| SVIP Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ40588 | Human | 258010 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPAS39 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ47251 | Human | 63894 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPAS39 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ47252 | Human | 63894 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIPAS39 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ47253 | Human | 63894 | Details Get a Quote |
| VIP Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54740 | Human | 7432 | Details Get a Quote |
Displaying Records 1 To 15 Of 20 Records
