VCAM1: Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1
Key mediator of leukocyte adhesion and vascular inflammation
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | VCAM1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 1p21.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 7412 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7412 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000162692 |
| UniProt ID | P19320 |
| OMIM ID | 192225 |
| HGNC ID | 12663 |
| Aliases | CD106, INCAM-100, L1CAM |
Description
VCAM1 encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It mediates adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelium via interaction with integrin VLA-4 (α4β1) on leukocytes. VCAM1 is upregulated by inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β) and plays a critical role in immune surveillance, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Atherosclerosis | VCAM1 expression on endothelial cells promotes monocyte adhesion and foam cell formation | PMID: 12817017 |
| Multiple sclerosis | VCAM1-VLA-4 interaction facilitates lymphocyte entry into CNS; target of natalizumab therapy | PMID: 12514105 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Elevated VCAM1 in synovial endothelium contributes to leukocyte infiltration and joint destruction | PMID: 10931980 |
| Asthma | VCAM1 mediates eosinophil adhesion to bronchial endothelium | PMID: 10469323 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lung | 12.5 | Medium |
| Spleen | 10.8 | Medium |
| Heart | 8.3 | Medium |
| Kidney | 6.7 | Low |
| Liver | 4.2 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HUVEC (endothelial) | 15.0 | High; induced by TNF-α |
| THP-1 (monocyte) | 2.1 | Low baseline |
| Jurkat (T-cell) | 1.5 | Low baseline |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs1041163 | SNP (intronic) | 0.45 (global) | Associated with altered VCAM1 expression in inflammation |
| rs3176879 | SNP (3' UTR) | 0.12 (global) | Linked to increased risk of coronary artery disease |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in germline; VCAM1 knockout in mice is embryonic lethal due to placental defects.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not described; overexpression in endothelial cells is pro-inflammatory.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • cell adhesion (GO:0007155) | • integrin binding (GO:0005178) |
| • plasma membrane (GO:0005886) | • inflammatory response (GO:0006954) |
| • leukocyte migration (GO:0050900) |
Pathways
• Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) - KEGG hsa04514
• Leukocyte transendothelial migration - KEGG hsa04670
• TNF signaling pathway - KEGG hsa04668
Protein Summary
VCAM1 is a 110 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein with seven immunoglobulin-like domains. The N-terminal domains 1 and 2 bind integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) on leukocytes. Alternative splicing yields two isoforms: a full-length membrane-bound form and a soluble form (sVCAM1) generated by proteolytic cleavage. sVCAM1 levels in serum are biomarkers of endothelial activation in inflammatory diseases.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VCAM1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ146 | Human | 7412 | Details Get a Quote |
| VCAM1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54737 | Human | 7412 | Details Get a Quote |
| VCAM1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ63228 | Human | 7412 | Details Get a Quote |
| VCAM1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ71693 | Human | 7412 | Details Get a Quote |
