TXNRD3
Thioredoxin Reductase 3: A Selenoprotein Involved in Redox Regulation and Spermatogenesis
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TXNRD3 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Thioredoxin Reductase 3 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 3q21.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 114112 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/114112 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000197771 |
| UniProt ID | Q86VQ6 |
| OMIM ID | 611547 |
| HGNC ID | 20667 |
| Aliases | TR2, TGR, TRXR3, SELENOF |
Description
TXNRD3 encodes thioredoxin reductase 3, a selenoprotein containing a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. This enzyme reduces thioredoxin and other substrates, playing a key role in cellular redox homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and regulation of cell signaling. TXNRD3 is highly expressed in testis and is essential for spermatogenesis. It also functions in the reduction of glutathione and other disulfide-containing proteins.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Male infertility | Reduced TXNRD3 activity impairs sperm maturation and motility due to disrupted redox balance in testis | PMID: 17977902; OMIM 611547 |
| Cancer (prostate, lung) | Altered TXNRD3 expression may contribute to oxidative stress and tumor progression | COSMIC; PMID: 25691885 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Testis | 38.5 | High |
| Prostate | 12.3 | Medium |
| Lung | 8.7 | Medium |
| Liver | 4.2 | Low |
| Kidney | 3.1 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| NCI-H460 (lung) | 15.2 | High expression |
| PC-3 (prostate) | 10.8 | Medium expression |
| HepG2 (liver) | 5.6 | Low expression |
| HEK293 (embryonic kidney) | 4.1 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1234C>T (p.Arg412Cys) | Missense | <0.01% | Reduced enzyme activity; potential impact on redox balance |
| c.1567G>A (p.Gly523Ser) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Missense mutations in the active site or selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) may reduce catalytic activity.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity | • selenium binding |
| • oxidoreductase activity | • cellular response to oxidative stress |
| • cell redox homeostasis | • spermatogenesis |
Pathways
• Thioredoxin pathway
• Selenoamino acid metabolism
• Oxidative stress response
Protein Summary
Thioredoxin reductase 3 (TXNRD3) is a 65 kDa selenoprotein that functions as a homodimer. Each subunit contains a FAD prosthetic group, a NADPH binding domain, and a selenocysteine residue essential for catalytic activity. The enzyme reduces oxidized thioredoxin, glutathione, and other disulfide substrates, thereby regulating cellular redox state. TXNRD3 is predominantly expressed in testis and is critical for male fertility. Its expression is also detected in prostate, lung, and liver tissues.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TXNRD3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ7440 | Human | 114112 | Details Get a Quote |
| TXNRD3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ31283 | Human | 114112 | Details Get a Quote |
| TXNRD3 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ32646 | Human | 114112 | Details Get a Quote |
| TXNRD3 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ32647 | Human | 114112 | Details Get a Quote |
