TRIL Gene: TLR4 Interactor with Leucine-Rich Repeats
Comprehensive genomic and functional overview of the TRIL gene, a co-receptor in innate immunity.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TRIL |
|---|---|
| Full Name | TLR4 Interactor with Leucine-Rich Repeats |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 7p14.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 9865 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/9865 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000106366 |
| UniProt ID | Q7L0X0 |
| OMIM ID | 613345 |
| HGNC ID | 16247 |
| Aliases | KIAA0644, TLR4 interactor with leucine-rich repeats |
Description
TRIL (TLR4 Interactor with Leucine-Rich Repeats) encodes a protein that functions as a co-receptor for TLR4, facilitating the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and enhancing innate immune responses. The protein contains leucine-rich repeats and is involved in NF-kappa-B signaling. TRIL is expressed in various tissues, particularly in the brain and immune cells.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Infectious Diseases (e.g., sepsis) | TRIL enhances TLR4-mediated LPS recognition; dysregulation may alter immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. | PMID: 22158417 |
| Neuroinflammation | TRIL expression in brain microglia may modulate neuroinflammatory pathways. | PMID: 25652300 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 12.5 | Medium |
| Lung | 8.3 | Low |
| Spleen | 6.1 | Low |
| Liver | 4.2 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | 15.2 | High expression in transfected cells |
| THP-1 | 9.8 | Monocytic cell line, LPS-inducible |
| SH-SY5Y | 7.4 | Neuroblastoma cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1015C>T (p.Arg339Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.1246G>A (p.Gly416Ser) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in major databases.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • transmembrane signaling receptor activity (GO:0004888) | • signal transduction (GO:0007165) |
| • innate immune response (GO:0045087) | • TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway (GO:0035666) |
Pathways
• Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04620)
• MyD88-independent TLR4 signaling
Protein Summary
The TRIL protein is a 811-amino-acid type I transmembrane protein with 12 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) in its extracellular domain. It interacts directly with TLR4 and MD-2 to form a complex that enhances LPS binding and subsequent activation of NF-kappa-B and IRF3 pathways. TRIL is essential for optimal TLR4-mediated cytokine production in response to Gram-negative bacteria.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRIL Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ6790 | Human | 9865 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRIL Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ55268 | Human | 9865 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRIL Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ63747 | Human | 9865 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRIL Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ72207 | Human | 9865 | Details Get a Quote |
