TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone)
A key neuropeptide hormone regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and neuromodulation.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TRH |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 3q21.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 7200 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7200 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000170893 |
| UniProt ID | P20396 |
| OMIM ID | 275120 |
| HGNC ID | 12298 |
| Aliases | proTRH, TRF |
Description
The TRH gene encodes a precursor protein (proTRH) that is cleaved to produce thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a tripeptide (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2). TRH is synthesized in the hypothalamus and acts on the anterior pituitary to stimulate the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin. It also functions as a neuromodulator in the central nervous system, influencing arousal, thermoregulation, and autonomic regulation.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Hypothyroidism (central) | Reduced TRH production leads to decreased TSH secretion and secondary hypothyroidism. | ClinVar, OMIM |
| Hyperthyroidism (secondary) | Ectopic or excessive TRH secretion can cause inappropriate TSH release and hyperthyroidism. | OMIM |
| Major Depressive Disorder | Altered TRH signaling in the limbic system is implicated in mood regulation; TRH levels are reduced in some depressed patients. | NCBI Gene, PubMed |
| Obesity | TRH neurons are sensitive to metabolic signals; dysregulation contributes to altered energy balance. | NCBI Gene |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Hypothalamus | 12.8 | High |
| Pancreas | 1.2 | Low |
| Testis | 0.5 | Low |
| Thyroid | 0.3 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) | 0.8 | Low expression |
| HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) | 0.1 | Not detected |
| MCF7 (breast cancer) | 0.2 | Not detected |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Missense | <0.01% | Loss of start codon, likely loss of function |
| c.214C>T (p.Arg72Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown significance |
| c.327_328insA | Frameshift | <0.01% | Predicted loss of function |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Mutations that disrupt the proTRH precursor cleavage or reduce TRH peptide production are classified as loss-of-function, leading to central hypothyroidism.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported in TRH.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described for TRH.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • neuropeptide hormone activity (GO:0005184) | • hormone activity (GO:0005179) |
| • neuropeptide signaling pathway (GO:0007218) | • insulin secretion (GO:0030073) |
| • glucose homeostasis (GO:0042593) |
Pathways
• Thyroid hormone synthesis (Reactome: R-HSA-209968)
• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone signaling (KEGG: hsa04728)
Protein Summary
The TRH protein is synthesized as a 242-amino acid precursor (proTRH) containing multiple copies of the TRH progenitor sequence (Gln-His-Pro-Gly). Post-translational processing by prohormone convertases (e.g., PC1/3, PC2) and carboxypeptidase E yields the mature tripeptide TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2). TRH binds to the TRH receptor (TRHR) on pituitary thyrotropes, activating the phospholipase C signaling cascade to stimulate TSH release. In the CNS, TRH modulates neurotransmitter systems and has neuroprotective effects.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRHR Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1605 | Human | 7201 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRH Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ5964 | Human | 7200 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTRH1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ8649 | Human | 138428 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRHDE Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ9099 | Human | 29953 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTRHD1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ14210 | Human | 391356 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTRH1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ36067 | Human | 138428 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTRH1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ36069 | Human | 138428 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTRH1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ36070 | Human | 138428 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRHDE Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ35598 | Human | 29953 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTRHD1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ45424 | Human | 391356 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTRHD1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ45426 | Human | 391356 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTRHD1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ45427 | Human | 391356 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRH Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54691 | Human | 7200 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRHR Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54692 | Human | 7201 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRHDE Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ56131 | Human | 29953 | Details Get a Quote |
Displaying Records 1 To 15 Of 20 Records
