TRAT1: T Cell Receptor Associated Transmembrane Adaptor 1
Key Adaptor Protein in T Cell Receptor Signaling and Immune Function
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TRAT1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | T Cell Receptor Associated Transmembrane Adaptor 1 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 3q13.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 50852 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/50852 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000163519 |
| UniProt ID | Q6PIZ9 |
| OMIM ID | 604867 |
| HGNC ID | 16894 |
| Aliases | TCR-associated transmembrane adaptor 1, TRIM, T-cell receptor interacting molecule |
Description
TRAT1 encodes a transmembrane adaptor protein that is specifically expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It is a component of the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling complex, where it facilitates signal transduction upon antigen recognition. TRAT1 interacts with the TCR/CD3 complex and recruits downstream signaling molecules, playing a critical role in T cell activation, proliferation, and immune response.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Immunodeficiency | Impaired TCR signaling due to TRAT1 deficiency | PMID: 12594858 |
| T-cell lymphoma | Altered TRAT1 expression may contribute to aberrant T cell signaling | PMID: 23493553 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lymph node | 12.5 | Medium |
| Spleen | 10.8 | Medium |
| Thymus | 8.2 | Medium |
| Blood | 6.1 | Low |
| Bone marrow | 3.4 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Jurkat (T-cell leukemia) | 15.2 | High expression; model for TCR signaling |
| MOLT-4 (T-cell lymphoblast) | 11.7 | Medium expression |
| K-562 (myelogenous leukemia) | 1.5 | Low expression; non-T cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Missense | Rare | Loss of start codon; predicted loss of function |
| c.200C>T (p.Pro67Leu) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Loss-of-function mutations in TRAT1 impair TCR signaling and T cell activation, potentially leading to immunodeficiency.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations reported in TRAT1.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations reported in TRAT1.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • T cell receptor signaling pathway | • transmembrane signaling receptor activity |
| • protein binding | • plasma membrane |
| • signal transduction | • immune response |
Pathways
• T cell receptor signaling pathway (KEGG hsa04660)
• Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell (Reactome R-HSA-198933)
Protein Summary
TRAT1 is a 200-amino acid transmembrane adaptor protein with a short extracellular domain, a single transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic tail containing multiple tyrosine-based signaling motifs. It is palmitoylated and localizes to lipid rafts, where it associates with the TCR/CD3 complex. Upon TCR engagement, TRAT1 becomes phosphorylated and recruits downstream effectors such as GRB2 and PLCG1, facilitating T cell activation.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRAT1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ10109 | Human | 50852 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRAT1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ56197 | Human | 50852 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRAT1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ64687 | Human | 50852 | Details Get a Quote |
| TRAT1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ73135 | Human | 50852 | Details Get a Quote |
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