TFF2 (Trefoil Factor 2)
A key mucin-associated peptide in gastric mucosal protection and repair
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TFF2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Trefoil Factor 2 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 21q22.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 7032 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7032 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000160179 |
| UniProt ID | Q03403 |
| OMIM ID | 182140 |
| HGNC ID | 11754 |
| Aliases | SML1, SP |
Description
TFF2 (trefoil factor 2) encodes a member of the trefoil family of peptides characterized by a conserved trefoil domain. This secreted protein is primarily expressed in the stomach and duodenum, where it plays a critical role in mucosal protection, repair, and stabilization of the mucus layer. It is also known as spasmolytic polypeptide (SP) due to its ability to inhibit gastric acid secretion and smooth muscle contraction. TFF2 expression is frequently altered in gastric inflammation and neoplasia.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Gastric Cancer | Loss of TFF2 expression is associated with increased risk of gastric carcinogenesis, possibly due to impaired mucosal repair and increased susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection. | ClinVar, COSMIC |
| Helicobacter pylori Infection | TFF2 expression is upregulated in response to H. pylori infection as part of the mucosal defense response; chronic infection may lead to TFF2 silencing via promoter methylation. | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Peptic Ulcer Disease | Reduced TFF2 levels compromise mucosal integrity, contributing to ulcer formation and delayed healing. | OMIM |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Stomach | 123.4 | High |
| Duodenum | 45.6 | Medium |
| Esophagus | 12.3 | Low |
| Colon | 8.9 | Low |
| Pancreas | 5.6 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma) | 15.2 | Moderate expression |
| MKN45 (gastric cancer) | 8.7 | Low expression |
| KATO III (gastric carcinoma) | 3.4 | Very low expression |
| HEK293 (embryonic kidney) | 0.5 | Not detected |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Missense | <0.1% | Likely loss of function; start codon loss |
| c.184C>T (p.Arg62Trp) | Missense | <0.1% | Unknown significance |
| c.256G>A (p.Gly86Ser) | Missense | <0.1% | Unknown significance |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Loss-of-function mutations in TFF2 are rare but may impair mucosal protection, increasing susceptibility to gastric injury and cancer.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations have been reported for TFF2.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations have been described for TFF2.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • mucosal immune response | • gastric acid secretion |
| • cell proliferation | • wound healing |
| • protein homodimerization activity |
Pathways
• Gastric mucosal defense
• Trefoil factor family signaling
Protein Summary
TFF2 is a 106-amino-acid secreted peptide containing one trefoil domain. It forms homodimers and interacts with mucins to stabilize the gastric mucus gel. The protein is resistant to proteolysis and is upregulated during mucosal injury to promote cell migration and repair. It also modulates immune responses and inhibits gastric acid secretion.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TFF2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ5927 | Human | 7032 | Details Get a Quote |
| TFF2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54645 | Human | 7032 | Details Get a Quote |
| TFF2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ63125 | Human | 7032 | Details Get a Quote |
| TFF2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ71598 | Human | 7032 | Details Get a Quote |
