TEX101: Testis Expressed 101 Gene
A germ cell-specific GPI-anchored protein essential for male fertility and sperm maturation
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TEX101 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Testis expressed 101 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 19q13.31 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 7157 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7157 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000105669 |
| UniProt ID | Q9BYJ0 |
| OMIM ID | 611035 |
| HGNC ID | 11733 |
| Aliases | SPATA44, CT83, MGC138290 |
Description
TEX101 (testis expressed 101) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19q13.31. It encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein specifically expressed in male germ cells, particularly in spermatocytes and spermatids. TEX101 is essential for sperm maturation, acrosome formation, and male fertility. It is also known as SPATA44 (spermatogenesis associated 44) and CT83 (cancer/testis antigen 83).
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Male infertility (non-obstructive azoospermia) | Loss of TEX101 disrupts sperm acrosome formation and maturation, leading to impaired sperm function | ClinVar, OMIM |
| Spermatogenic failure | Defects in TEX101 cause arrest of spermatogenesis at the round spermatid stage | NCBI Gene, PubMed |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Testis | 48.2 | High |
| Fallopian tube | 0.1 | Not detected |
| Ovary | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Prostate | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Other tissues | 0.0 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Spermatocytes | High | Germ cell-specific expression |
| Round spermatids | High | Stage-specific during spermiogenesis |
| Spermatozoa | Moderate | Mature sperm |
| Somatic cells | Not detected | No expression in non-germ cells |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Missense | Rare | Loss of start codon, likely loss of function |
| c.202C>T (p.Arg68*) | Nonsense | Rare | Premature stop, loss of function |
| c.346G>A (p.Gly116Arg) | Missense | Rare | Impaired GPI anchor attachment |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Nonsense and frameshift mutations in TEX101 lead to truncated or absent protein, causing spermatogenic arrest and male infertility.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations reported for TEX101.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations reported for TEX101.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • spermatid development (GO:0007286) | • single fertilization (GO:0007338) |
| • anchored component of membrane (GO:0031225) | • identical protein binding (GO:0042802) |
| • acrosomal vesicle (GO:0061844) |
Pathways
• Spermatogenesis (Reactome: R-HSA-1500620)
• GPI-anchor biosynthesis (Reactome: R-HSA-163125)
Protein Summary
TEX101 is a 250-amino acid GPI-anchored protein predominantly expressed on the surface of male germ cells. It contains a signal peptide, a mature domain, and a GPI-anchor signal. The protein is involved in cell-cell adhesion during spermatogenesis and is required for proper acrosome biogenesis. TEX101 is released from sperm during capacitation via cleavage by testis-specific serine protease PRSS21 (TESP5). It is also a cancer/testis antigen with potential immunotherapeutic applications.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TEX101 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ9877 | Human | 83639 | Details Get a Quote |
| TEX101 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ57456 | Human | 83639 | Details Get a Quote |
| TEX101 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ65961 | Human | 83639 | Details Get a Quote |
| TEX101 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ74384 | Human | 83639 | Details Get a Quote |
