TAS2R14: Bitter Taste Receptor and Extraoral Chemosensor
A comprehensive biomedical overview of TAS2R14, including genomic annotation, expression, disease associations, and functional classification.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TAS2R14 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Taste 2 Receptor Member 14 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 12p13.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 50833 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/50833 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000127399 |
| UniProt ID | Q9NYV7 |
| OMIM ID | 604796 |
| HGNC ID | 14919 |
| Aliases | T2R14, TRB2, GPR70 |
Description
TAS2R14 (Taste 2 Receptor Member 14) encodes a member of the TAS2R family of bitter taste receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on taste receptor cells of the tongue and in extraoral tissues. This receptor mediates bitter taste perception and has been implicated in chemosensory functions in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. TAS2R14 is known to respond to a wide range of bitter compounds, including caffeine, quinine, and various synthetic ligands.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Asthma | TAS2R14 activation in airway smooth muscle cells induces bronchodilation; polymorphisms may alter receptor function and asthma risk. | PMID: 22956763; ClinVar |
| Chronic Rhinosinusitis | Expression in sinonasal epithelium; bitter taste signaling may modulate innate immune responses. | PMID: 24628834 |
| Upper Respiratory Tract Infections | Receptor activation triggers antimicrobial peptide release; genetic variants may influence susceptibility. | PMID: 22956763 |
| Obesity | Variants in TAS2R14 have been associated with altered bitter taste sensitivity and food preferences, potentially influencing body mass index. | PMID: 25559190 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Tongue (taste buds) | 0.0 | High (RNA-seq) |
| Lung | 0.0 | Moderate |
| Nasal epithelium | 0.0 | Moderate |
| Small intestine | 0.0 | Low |
| Testis | 0.0 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | 0.0 | Used for heterologous expression studies |
| Airway smooth muscle cells | 0.0 | Endogenous expression; functional studies |
| Sinonasal epithelial cells | 0.0 | Endogenous expression; bitter taste signaling |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs713598 (c.785C>T, p.Pro262Leu) | SNP | 0.25 (global) | Alters receptor activity; associated with bitter taste sensitivity |
| rs3741843 (c.145G>A, p.Val49Ile) | SNP | 0.15 (global) | May affect ligand binding; limited functional data |
| rs10772420 (c.100G>A, p.Gly34Ser) | SNP | 0.10 (global) | Potential impact on receptor expression |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
rs713598 (Pro262Leu) has been reported to reduce receptor activity in response to certain bitter compounds.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No well-characterized gain-of-function variants have been described for TAS2R14.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations have been reported for TAS2R14.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Taste transduction (KEGG: hsa04742)
• GPCR downstream signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-388396)
Protein Summary
TAS2R14 is a 317-amino acid G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains. It is primarily known for its role in bitter taste perception on the tongue, but it is also expressed in extraoral tissues where it mediates chemosensory responses. The receptor couples to gustducin (GNAT3) and other G proteins to activate downstream signaling cascades, including calcium mobilization and nitric oxide production. Structural studies have identified key residues involved in ligand binding, and polymorphisms in TAS2R14 contribute to interindividual differences in bitter taste sensitivity and disease susceptibility.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAS2R14 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ10827 | Human | 50840 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAS2R14 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ38475 | Human | 50840 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAS2R14 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ38476 | Human | 50840 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAS2R14 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ38477 | Human | 50840 | Details Get a Quote |
