TAS1R3 (Taste 1 Receptor Member 3): Sweet and Umami Taste Receptor Gene
Comprehensive genetic and functional overview of TAS1R3, a key component of the sweet and umami taste receptor complex, with implications in nutrition, metabolic disorders, and sensory perception.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TAS1R3 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Taste 1 Receptor Member 3 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 1p36.33 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 83756 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/83756 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000169962 |
| UniProt ID | Q7RTX0 |
| OMIM ID | 605865 |
| HGNC ID | 15661 |
| Aliases | T1R3; TR3; FLJ25043 |
Description
TAS1R3 encodes a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is a critical subunit of the sweet and umami taste receptors. It forms heterodimers with TAS1R1 (for umami) and TAS1R2 (for sweet). TAS1R3 is expressed in taste buds and also in extraoral tissues, where it may play roles in glucose sensing and metabolic regulation. Genetic variations in TAS1R3 can influence individual differences in taste perception and preference for sweet and umami substances.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Obesity | TAS1R3 variants may alter sweet taste perception, influencing dietary intake and energy balance, contributing to obesity risk. | Association studies; PMID: 23595052 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | Altered sweet taste receptor function may affect glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, potentially impacting T2D susceptibility. | Expression in pancreatic beta cells; PMID: 23202132 |
| Taste Disorders (Ageusia/Hypogeusia) | Loss-of-function mutations in TAS1R3 can impair sweet and umami taste perception, leading to reduced taste sensitivity. | Functional studies; PMID: 19193827 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Tongue (taste buds) | Not available | High (specific to taste receptor cells) |
| Small intestine | Not available | Moderate (enteroendocrine cells) |
| Pancreas | Not available | Low to moderate (beta cells) |
| Brain | Not available | Low (hypothalamus) |
| Testis | Not available | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 (transfected) | Not available | Used for functional expression of TAS1R3 with TAS1R1/TAS1R2 |
| Caco-2 (intestinal) | Not available | Endogenous expression; involved in glucose sensing |
| NCI-H716 (enteroendocrine) | Not available | Endogenous expression; regulates GLP-1 secretion |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs307355 | SNP (C>T) | Allele frequency ~0.3 (global) | Associated with reduced sweet taste sensitivity; affects TAS1R3 promoter activity |
| rs35744813 | SNP (T>C) | Allele frequency ~0.1 | Missense variant (Ile191Thr); may alter receptor function |
| rs4920566 | SNP (A>G) | Allele frequency ~0.4 | Intronic; associated with umami taste perception |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Mutations that impair TAS1R3 dimerization or ligand binding, leading to reduced sweet/umami taste sensitivity (e.g., certain missense variants).
Gain of Function (GOF)
Rare variants that enhance receptor sensitivity, potentially increasing sweet/umami perception; not well characterized.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not reported for TAS1R3; however, mutations that disrupt heterodimer formation could theoretically exert dominant-negative effects.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G protein-coupled receptor activity | • taste receptor activity |
| • sweet taste receptor activity | • umami taste receptor activity |
| • protein heterodimerization activity | • plasma membrane |
| • integral component of membrane | • signal transduction |
| • detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste | • response to sucrose |
Pathways
• Taste transduction (KEGG: hsa04742)
• GPCR downstream signaling (e.g.
• PLCβ2
• IP3
• Ca2+ release)
• Sweet taste signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-975634)
Protein Summary
TAS1R3 is a 852-amino acid protein with a large extracellular N-terminal domain (Venus flytrap domain) that binds sweet and umami ligands, a seven-transmembrane domain, and a short intracellular C-terminus. It functions as an obligatory heterodimer with TAS1R1 (umami) or TAS1R2 (sweet). Upon ligand binding, the receptor activates G protein (gustducin) leading to downstream signaling cascades that ultimately trigger neurotransmitter release and taste nerve activation. TAS1R3 also plays roles in glucose sensing in the gut and pancreas, influencing incretin secretion and insulin release.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAS1R3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ9900 | Human | 83756 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAS1R3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ57479 | Human | 83756 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAS1R3 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ65981 | Human | 83756 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAS1R3 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ74404 | Human | 83756 | Details Get a Quote |
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