TAS1R1: Taste Receptor Type 1 Member 1
A key component of the umami taste receptor, involved in amino acid sensing and metabolic regulation.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TAS1R1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Taste 1 Receptor Member 1 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 1p36.23 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 80835 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/80835 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000173662 |
| UniProt ID | Q7RTX1 |
| OMIM ID | 606225 |
| HGNC ID | 14404 |
| Aliases | T1R1, TR1, GPR70 |
Description
TAS1R1 (Taste 1 Receptor Member 1) is a protein-coding gene that encodes a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) which, when heterodimerized with TAS1R3, functions as the umami taste receptor. This receptor is activated by L-glutamate and other amino acids, playing a critical role in dietary protein sensing and metabolic signaling. TAS1R1 is also expressed in non-gustatory tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and brain, where it modulates hormone secretion and nutrient detection.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Obesity | Altered umami taste sensitivity may influence food preference and caloric intake, contributing to obesity risk. | PMID: 23446963 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | TAS1R1 variants may affect insulin secretion via gut amino acid sensing. | PMID: 25931412 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | Dysregulation of umami taste signaling linked to metabolic disturbances. | PMID: 27125637 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Tongue (taste buds) | 0.0 | High (specific) |
| Small intestine | 12.5 | Medium |
| Pancreas | 8.3 | Medium |
| Brain (cerebellum) | 3.1 | Low |
| Kidney | 2.0 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | 0.0 | Not expressed |
| Caco-2 (intestinal) | 15.2 | Moderate expression |
| MIN6 (pancreatic beta) | 9.8 | Detectable |
| SH-SY5Y (neuronal) | 4.5 | Low |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs34160967 (p.Ile191Val) | Missense | 0.5% (global) | Reduced umami receptor activity |
| rs11121704 (intronic) | Intron variant | 12% (East Asian) | Associated with altered taste perception |
| c.1669G>A (p.Ala557Thr) | Missense | <0.1% | Unknown functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
rs34160967 (p.Ile191Val) reduces receptor activation by L-glutamate.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function variants reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not described for TAS1R1.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Taste transduction (KEGG: hsa04742)
• GPCR downstream signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-388396)
Protein Summary
TAS1R1 is a 842-amino acid transmembrane protein belonging to the class C GPCR family. It forms a heterodimer with TAS1R3 to create the functional umami taste receptor, which binds L-glutamate and other amino acids. The protein has a large extracellular Venus flytrap domain responsible for ligand binding, a cysteine-rich domain, and a transmembrane domain that activates intracellular G protein signaling. TAS1R1 is also expressed in extraoral tissues, where it participates in nutrient sensing and metabolic regulation.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAS1R1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ9586 | Human | 80835 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAS1R1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ57355 | Human | 80835 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAS1R1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ65860 | Human | 80835 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAS1R1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ74286 | Human | 80835 | Details Get a Quote |
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