TARM1 (T Cell-Interacting, Activating Receptor on Myeloid Cells 1): A Key Regulator of Innate Immunity and Inflammation
Explore the TARM1 gene, its protein product, expression patterns, and role in immune regulation. This comprehensive guide covers genomic data, disease associations, and functional insights.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TARM1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | T cell-interacting, activating receptor on myeloid cells 1 |
| Gene Type | protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 19q13.42 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 441786 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/441786 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000204178 |
| UniProt ID | A6NKG5 |
| OMIM ID | 617802 |
| HGNC ID | 37230 |
| Aliases | C19orf38, TARM1 |
Description
TARM1 (T cell-interacting, activating receptor on myeloid cells 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19q13.42. It encodes a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. TARM1 is primarily expressed on myeloid cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, and functions as an activating receptor that modulates innate immune responses. It interacts with T cells and other immune cells to regulate inflammation, cytokine production, and immune cell activation. TARM1 has been implicated in various inflammatory conditions and is being studied as a potential therapeutic target.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory Diseases | TARM1 acts as an activating receptor on myeloid cells, promoting pro-inflammatory cytokine production and immune cell activation, which can exacerbate inflammation. | Experimental models and expression studies |
| Cancer | TARM1 expression on tumor-associated macrophages may modulate the tumor microenvironment, potentially influencing anti-tumor immunity and tumor progression. | Expression profiling in tumor tissues |
| Autoimmune Diseases | Dysregulation of TARM1-mediated immune activation may contribute to aberrant inflammatory responses seen in autoimmune conditions. | Genetic association studies and functional analysis |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Bone Marrow | 8.6 | Medium |
| Spleen | 6.2 | Low |
| Lung | 4.1 | Low |
| Blood | 3.5 | Low |
| Liver | 1.2 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Macrophages | High | Key site of expression; regulates inflammatory response |
| Neutrophils | High | Involved in innate immune activation |
| Monocytes | Medium | Precursor cells expressing TARM1 |
| Dendritic Cells | Low | Expression in certain subsets |
| T Cells | Not detected | TARM1 is a ligand for T cells, not expressed on them |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs117026326 | SNV | 0.5% (global) | Missense variant; potential impact on protein function |
| rs143253789 | SNV | 0.2% (global) | Synonymous variant; no known functional effect |
| rs61742112 | SNV | 1.1% (global) | Intronic variant; potential regulatory effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Loss-of-function mutations in TARM1 are rare and not well characterized. Such mutations could impair the activating signaling pathway, potentially leading to reduced inflammatory responses and altered immune regulation.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Gain-of-function mutations are not well documented for TARM1. However, overexpression or enhanced signaling could lead to excessive inflammation and contribute to inflammatory diseases.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations have been reported for TARM1. As a single-pass transmembrane receptor, dominant-negative effects are unlikely unless mutations affect dimerization or ligand binding.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • receptor activity (GO:0004872) | • signal transduction (GO:0007165) |
| • inflammatory response (GO:0006954) | • plasma membrane (GO:0005886) |
| • cell surface (GO:0009986) | • innate immune response (GO:0045087) |
Pathways
• Innate Immune System
• Immune System
• Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
• Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways (related)
Protein Summary
The TARM1 protein is a type I transmembrane receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, characterized by an extracellular domain containing immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail with signaling motifs. It is expressed on the surface of myeloid cells, where it acts as an activating receptor. Upon ligand binding, likely involving T cells, TARM1 triggers intracellular signaling cascades that promote pro-inflammatory cytokine production, phagocytosis, and immune cell activation. This protein plays a critical role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity, and its dysregulation is linked to inflammatory pathologies.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TARM1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ15612 | Human | 441864 | Details Get a Quote |
| TARM1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ60439 | Human | 441864 | Details Get a Quote |
| TARM1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ68907 | Human | 441864 | Details Get a Quote |
| TARM1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ77268 | Human | 441864 | Details Get a Quote |
