TAC1: Tachykinin Precursor 1
Key regulator of pain, inflammation, and neurotransmission
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TAC1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Tachykinin Precursor 1 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 7q21.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 6863 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6863 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000006128 |
| UniProt ID | P20366 |
| OMIM ID | 162320 |
| HGNC ID | 11517 |
| Aliases | NKNA, TAC2, PPT, PPT-A, TAC1 |
Description
The TAC1 gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple tachykinin peptides, including substance P and neurokinin A. These peptides act as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, playing critical roles in pain perception, inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and neurogenic inflammation. TAC1 expression is predominantly in the nervous system and immune cells.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Depression | Altered substance P signaling in the brain; TAC1 polymorphisms associated with mood disorders | ClinVar, NCBI |
| Asthma | Tachykinins induce bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation via NK1 and NK2 receptors | NCBI, OMIM |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Substance P promotes synovial inflammation and pain transmission | NCBI, OMIM |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | TAC1-derived peptides modulate gut motility and visceral hypersensitivity | NCBI |
| Cancer (various) | TAC1 expression linked to tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in breast, lung, and colon cancers | COSMIC, NCBI |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 25.6 | High |
| Spinal cord | 18.3 | High |
| Lung | 4.2 | Medium |
| Intestine | 3.1 | Medium |
| Heart | 1.5 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) | 12.4 | Neuronal model |
| A549 (lung carcinoma) | 6.8 | Epithelial lung cancer |
| MCF7 (breast cancer) | 3.2 | Hormone-responsive breast cancer |
| HEK293 (embryonic kidney) | 0.5 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.226C>T (p.Arg76Trp) | Missense | <0.1% | Altered peptide processing; potential impact on pain sensitivity |
| c.398G>A (p.Arg133Gln) | Missense | <0.1% | Reduced substance P production; associated with depression risk |
| c.123_124insA | Frameshift | <0.01% | Loss of function; rare |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Frameshift and nonsense mutations lead to truncated or absent tachykinin peptides, reducing neurogenic inflammation and pain signaling.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Missense mutations that increase peptide stability or receptor affinity may enhance pain and inflammatory responses.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not well documented; potential interference with peptide dimerization or processing.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Tachykinin signaling via NK1 receptor (hsa04080)
• Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction (hsa04080)
• Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels (hsa04750)
Protein Summary
The TAC1 gene product is a 129-amino-acid preproprotein that is cleaved into multiple bioactive peptides: substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), neuropeptide K, and neuropeptide gamma. Substance P is the most studied, acting primarily through the NK1 receptor to mediate pain transmission, vasodilation, and immune cell activation. The protein is expressed in central and peripheral neurons, as well as in immune and endothelial cells.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAC1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1901 | Human | 6863 | Details Get a Quote |
| CRTAC1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ13006 | Human | 55118 | Details Get a Quote |
| CRTAC1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ42266 | Human | 55118 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAC1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54604 | Human | 6863 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAC1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ63084 | Human | 6863 | Details Get a Quote |
| CRTAC1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ65036 | Human | 55118 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAC1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ71557 | Human | 6863 | Details Get a Quote |
| CRTAC1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ73481 | Human | 55118 | Details Get a Quote |
Displaying Records 1 To 8 Of 8 Records
