TAAR1 Gene - Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1
A key modulator of monoaminergic neurotransmission, implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and metabolic regulation.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TAAR1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1 |
| Gene Type | protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 6q23.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 134864 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/134864 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000146385 |
| UniProt ID | Q96RJ0 |
| OMIM ID | 609333 |
| HGNC ID | 21012 |
| Aliases | TA1, TAR1, TRAR1 |
Description
TAAR1 encodes a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is activated by trace amines such as beta-phenylethylamine, tyramine, and octopamine. It modulates monoaminergic systems (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine) and is involved in brain signaling, immune regulation, and metabolic processes. TAAR1 is a target for drug development in psychiatric and metabolic disorders.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Schizophrenia | Modulation of dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling; TAAR1 agonists show antipsychotic-like effects | Clinical trials (e.g., ulotaront) and animal models |
| Substance Use Disorders | Regulation of dopamine reward pathways; TAAR1 activation reduces drug-seeking behavior | Preclinical studies in rodents |
| Metabolic Syndrome | Influence on insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis; TAAR1 expressed in pancreatic islets | Animal knockout studies |
| Parkinson's Disease | Potential neuroprotective role via modulation of monoamine systems | Preclinical evidence |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain (amygdala, hippocampus, substantia nigra) | Not available | High |
| Spinal cord | Not available | Moderate |
| Pancreas | Not available | Moderate |
| Liver | Not available | Low |
| Kidney | Not available | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) | Not available | Endogenous expression |
| HEK293 (embryonic kidney) | Not available | Often used for recombinant expression |
| MIN6 (pancreatic beta cell) | Not available | Endogenous expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs8192619 | SNV (intronic) | Minor allele frequency ~0.1-0.3 | Potential association with psychiatric phenotypes (not fully validated) |
| rs7304841 | SNV (intronic) | Minor allele frequency ~0.2-0.4 | Reported in GWAS for metabolic traits |
| rs2232234 | SNV (missense, p.Val288Ile) | Minor allele frequency ~0.01 | Functional impact uncertain; may alter receptor activity |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Rare variants leading to reduced receptor signaling have been reported in functional assays, but no definitive pathogenic variants are catalogued in ClinVar.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations have been characterized in TAAR1.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative effects have been described for TAAR1.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G protein-coupled receptor activity | • trace-amine receptor activity |
| • plasma membrane | • signal transduction |
| • adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | • response to amphetamine |
Pathways
• Trace amine signaling pathway
• GPCR downstream signaling (cAMP/PKA)
• Dopamine receptor crosstalk
Protein Summary
TAAR1 is a 378-amino acid GPCR that couples to Gs proteins, leading to cAMP production. It is activated by endogenous trace amines and synthetic ligands. TAAR1 is predominantly expressed in the brain, where it modulates monoamine release and neuronal excitability. It also plays a role in peripheral tissues, particularly in pancreatic beta cells, affecting insulin secretion. Due to its involvement in neuropsychiatric and metabolic pathways, TAAR1 is a promising therapeutic target.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAAR1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ9349 | Human | 134864 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAAR1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ58346 | Human | 134864 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAAR1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ66835 | Human | 134864 | Details Get a Quote |
| TAAR1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ75238 | Human | 134864 | Details Get a Quote |
