SYK Gene (Spleen Associated Tyrosine Kinase)
A key non-receptor tyrosine kinase in immune signaling and cancer
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | SYK |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Spleen Associated Tyrosine Kinase |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 9q22.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 6850 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6850 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000165025 |
| UniProt ID | P43405 |
| OMIM ID | 600085 |
| HGNC ID | 11491 |
| Aliases | p72-Syk, FLJ25043 |
Description
SYK (Spleen Associated Tyrosine Kinase) encodes a cytoplasmic non-receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates signal transduction downstream of immunoreceptors, including B-cell receptor (BCR), Fc receptors, and integrins. SYK is essential for lymphocyte development and activation, and its dysregulation is implicated in hematologic malignancies, autoimmune disorders, and solid tumors.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| B-cell lymphoma | Constitutive activation of SYK promotes BCR-independent survival signaling | COSMIC, ClinVar |
| Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) | SYK overexpression and activation drive proliferation and apoptosis resistance | NCBI, OMIM |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | SYK mediates Fc receptor signaling in synovial macrophages, contributing to inflammation | OMIM |
| Myelodysplastic syndrome | SYK mutations (e.g., S550Y) associated with clonal hematopoiesis | COSMIC |
| Breast cancer | SYK loss-of-function promotes metastasis via altered adhesion signaling | UniProt |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Spleen | 38.5 | High |
| Lymph node | 32.1 | High |
| Bone marrow | 28.7 | High |
| Lung | 12.3 | Medium |
| Breast | 4.8 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Raji (Burkitt lymphoma) | 45.2 | High expression; BCR-dependent |
| K562 (CML) | 22.1 | Moderate; myeloid lineage |
| MCF7 (breast cancer) | 6.3 | Low; loss associated with invasive phenotype |
| HEK293 (embryonic kidney) | 1.5 | Very low; non-hematopoietic |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| S550Y | Missense | <1% | Gain-of-function; associated with B-cell lymphoma |
| R41Q | Missense | <1% | Loss-of-function; reduced kinase activity |
| E452K | Missense | <1% | Unknown; observed in CLL |
| K402R | Missense | <1% | Gain-of-function; increased signaling |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
R41Q reduces catalytic activity and downstream signaling.
Gain of Function (GOF)
S550Y and K402R enhance kinase activity and promote oncogenic signaling.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No well-characterized dominant-negative mutations reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• B cell receptor signaling pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-983705)
• Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis (Reactome: R-HSA-2029481)
• Integrin signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-354192)
• NF-kappaB signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-975138)
Protein Summary
SYK is a 635-amino acid cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase with two N-terminal SH2 domains and a C-terminal kinase domain. It is activated by phosphorylation upon immunoreceptor engagement, leading to recruitment of downstream effectors such as PI3K, PLCγ, and VAV. SYK is critical for B-cell development and immune responses. In cancer, SYK can act as either an oncogene (hematologic malignancies) or a tumor suppressor (epithelial cancers), depending on cellular context.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SYK Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ590 | Human | 6850 | Details Get a Quote |
| SYK Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ19018 | Human | 6850 | Details Get a Quote |
| SYK Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54597 | Human | 6850 | Details Get a Quote |
| SYK Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ63079 | Human | 6850 | Details Get a Quote |
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