SHFL Gene (Shiftless Antiviral Inhibitor of Ribosomal Frameshifting)
A host antiviral factor that inhibits programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting in viruses.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | SHFL |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Shiftless antiviral inhibitor of ribosomal frameshifting |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 19p13.11 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 55337 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/55337 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000105639 |
| UniProt ID | Q9NQ86 |
| OMIM ID | 619929 |
| HGNC ID | 26169 |
| Aliases | C19orf66, IRA1, FLJ11273, MGC12972 |
Description
SHFL (shiftless antiviral inhibitor of ribosomal frameshifting) is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) that encodes a host restriction factor. The protein inhibits programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF), a mechanism used by many viruses including retroviruses and coronaviruses to regulate translation of their polyproteins. SHFL is upregulated in response to interferon and viral infection, and its expression reduces viral replication.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Viral infections (e.g., HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2) | SHFL inhibits -1 PRF, reducing viral protein synthesis and replication | PMID: 32610044, PMID: 33357406 |
| Cancer (potential role) | Dysregulation of SHFL expression may affect cellular translation and tumorigenesis | PMID: 31511697 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lung | 12.5 | Medium |
| Spleen | 10.2 | Medium |
| Liver | 8.9 | Low |
| Kidney | 7.3 | Low |
| Brain | 4.1 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | 15.0 | High expression |
| HeLa | 12.3 | Moderate |
| A549 | 10.8 | Moderate |
| HepG2 | 9.5 | Low |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.307C>T (p.Arg103Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.458G>A (p.Arg153Gln) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in ClinVar or COSMIC.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No evidence for dominant-negative effects.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • GO:0003723 - RNA binding | • GO:0044822 - poly(A) RNA binding |
| • GO:0045071 - negative regulation of viral genome replication | • GO:0060700 - regulation of ribosomal frameshifting |
| • GO:0005737 - cytoplasm |
Pathways
• Interferon signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-913531)
• Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes
Protein Summary
The SHFL protein is a 411-amino acid interferon-inducible factor that localizes to the cytoplasm. It binds to ribosomes and specifically inhibits programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting, a recoding event used by many RNA viruses to produce essential enzymes. By blocking this process, SHFL reduces viral protein expression and replication. Its expression is induced by type I and type II interferons.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHFL Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ40424 | Human | 55337 | Details Get a Quote |
| SHFL Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ40425 | Human | 55337 | Details Get a Quote |
| SHFL Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ40426 | Human | 55337 | Details Get a Quote |
| SHFL Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDC09865 | Human | 55337 | Details Get a Quote |
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