RSAD2: Radical S-Adenosyl Methionine Domain Containing 2
A key interferon-inducible antiviral protein involved in innate immunity and lipid metabolism
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | RSAD2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Radical S-Adenosyl Methionine Domain Containing 2 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 2p25.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 91543 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/91543 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000134321 |
| UniProt ID | Q8WXG1 |
| OMIM ID | 607810 |
| HGNC ID | 30917 |
| Aliases | viperin, cig5, cig33, MGC23963 |
Description
RSAD2 (Radical S-Adenosyl Methionine Domain Containing 2), commonly known as viperin, is an interferon-inducible gene that encodes a radical SAM enzyme. It plays a critical role in the innate immune response against a broad spectrum of viruses, including influenza, hepatitis C, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. Viperin inhibits viral replication by disrupting lipid raft formation and viral budding. It also modulates cellular metabolism and has been implicated in inflammatory and metabolic disorders.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Viral infections (e.g., influenza, HCV, HIV, SARS-CoV-2) | Viperin inhibits viral replication by interfering with lipid raft formation and viral budding | Multiple studies; reviewed in NCBI Gene and UniProt |
| Atherosclerosis | RSAD2 expression in macrophages promotes foam cell formation and inflammation | PMID: 25980010 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | Overexpression of RSAD2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with disease activity | PMID: 25605271 |
| Type 2 diabetes | RSAD2 expression is elevated in adipose tissue and linked to insulin resistance | PMID: 29127255 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Spleen | 12.3 | Medium |
| Lung | 8.7 | Medium |
| Liver | 6.5 | Low |
| Whole blood | 4.2 | Low |
| Adipose tissue | 3.1 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 15.2 | Interferon treatment increases expression |
| HepG2 | 9.8 | Basal expression; induced by IFN |
| THP-1 | 11.5 | Macrophage-like; induced by LPS/IFN |
| A549 | 7.4 | Lung epithelial; induced by virus |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Missense | <0.01% | Potential loss of start codon; functional impact unknown |
| c.394C>T (p.Arg132Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Rare variant; no known disease association |
| c.682G>A (p.Glu228Lys) | Missense | <0.01% | Rare variant; no known disease association |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No well-characterized loss-of-function mutations reported in human disease; knockout mouse models show increased viral susceptibility.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations described.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Interferon Signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-913531)
• Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes (Reactome: R-HSA-1169410)
• Innate Immune System (Reactome: R-HSA-168249)
Protein Summary
Viperin is a 361-amino acid radical SAM enzyme localized to the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. It contains an N-terminal amphipathic helix, a central radical SAM domain with a [4Fe-4S] cluster, and a C-terminal domain. Viperin catalyzes the conversion of CTP to 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP (ddhCTP), a chain terminator that inhibits viral RNA polymerases. It also interacts with host proteins to modulate lipid metabolism and immune signaling.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RSAD2 Knockout CNE-2 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ16 | Human | 91543 | Details Get a Quote |
| RSAD2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ3833 | Human | 91543 | Details Get a Quote |
| RSAD2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ57805 | Human | 91543 | Details Get a Quote |
| RSAD2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ66300 | Human | 91543 | Details Get a Quote |
| RSAD2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ74722 | Human | 91543 | Details Get a Quote |
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