RETN (Resistin) Gene
Resistin: Adipokine, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammatory Mediator
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | RETN |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Resistin |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 19p13.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 56729 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/56729 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000104918 |
| UniProt ID | Q9HD89 |
| OMIM ID | 605565 |
| HGNC ID | 20389 |
| Aliases | FIZZ3, RSTN, ADSF, XCP1 |
Description
The RETN gene encodes resistin, a cysteine-rich adipokine secreted primarily by adipose tissue in rodents and by macrophages in humans. Resistin is implicated in insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammatory processes. It modulates glucose metabolism and promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production, linking metabolic and immune pathways.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Resistin impairs insulin signaling and glucose uptake in target tissues, contributing to insulin resistance. | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Obesity | Elevated resistin levels correlate with increased adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Atherosclerosis | Resistin promotes endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation, accelerating plaque formation. | NCBI Gene, UniProt |
| Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) | Resistin exacerbates hepatic steatosis and inflammation via pro-inflammatory cytokine induction. | NCBI Gene |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Adipose Tissue | 0.0 | Not detected (human; mainly expressed in macrophages) |
| Bone Marrow | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Lung | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Spleen | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Whole Blood | 0.0 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| THP-1 (monocyte) | 0.0 | Low baseline; induced upon macrophage differentiation |
| U937 (monocyte) | 0.0 | Inducible expression |
| Primary human macrophages | 0.0 | Expressed after stimulation |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.−180C>G (promoter) | SNP | Common | Associated with altered resistin levels and type 2 diabetes risk |
| c.299G>A (p.Arg100Gln) | Missense | Rare | Potential effect on protein function; limited data |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No well-characterized loss-of-function mutations reported in humans.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Promoter polymorphisms (e.g., −180C>G) may increase resistin expression, contributing to insulin resistance.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not described for RETN.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • hormone activity (GO:0005179) | • extracellular space (GO:0005615) |
| • inflammatory response (GO:0006954) | • cellular response to insulin stimulus (GO:0032869) |
| • glucose homeostasis (GO:0042593) |
Pathways
• Insulin resistance pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-163685)
• Cytokine signaling in immune system (Reactome: R-HSA-1280215)
Protein Summary
Resistin is a 12.5 kDa cysteine-rich protein secreted as a dimer. It belongs to the FIZZ (found in inflammatory zone) family. In humans, resistin is primarily produced by macrophages and acts as a pro-inflammatory adipokine, impairing insulin sensitivity and promoting endothelial activation. Its structure features a C-terminal disulfide-rich domain essential for dimerization and receptor binding.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RETNLB Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ10156 | Human | 84666 | Details Get a Quote |
| RETN Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ11881 | Human | 56729 | Details Get a Quote |
| RETN Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ56752 | Human | 56729 | Details Get a Quote |
| RETNLB Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ57638 | Human | 84666 | Details Get a Quote |
| RETN Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ65256 | Human | 56729 | Details Get a Quote |
| RETNLB Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ66135 | Human | 84666 | Details Get a Quote |
| RETN Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ73696 | Human | 56729 | Details Get a Quote |
| RETNLB Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ74561 | Human | 84666 | Details Get a Quote |
