PTP4A3 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 4A3)
PTP4A3: A Metastasis-Associated Phosphatase in Cancer and Development
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | PTP4A3 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 4A3 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 8q24.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 11156 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/11156 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000184489 |
| UniProt ID | O75365 |
| OMIM ID | 606449 |
| HGNC ID | 9635 |
| Aliases | PRL-3, PRL3, PTP4A3 |
Description
PTP4A3 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 4A3), also known as PRL-3, is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family. It is a small phosphatase localized to the cell membrane and cytoplasm, involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Overexpression of PTP4A3 is strongly associated with cancer progression, particularly in colorectal, gastric, and breast cancers. It is considered a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for metastasis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Colorectal Cancer | Overexpression promotes metastasis via activation of Src and PI3K/Akt pathways | PMID: 14562054, COSMIC |
| Gastric Cancer | High expression correlates with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis | PMID: 16980329 |
| Breast Cancer | PTP4A3 enhances invasion and angiogenesis through RhoA/ROCK signaling | PMID: 21502514 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Upregulation associated with tumor recurrence and metastasis | PMID: 21912585 |
| Ovarian Cancer | Elevated expression linked to chemoresistance and poor survival | PMID: 23149920 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Skeletal Muscle | 5.2 | Medium |
| Heart | 3.8 | Low |
| Liver | 1.1 | Low |
| Colon | 0.9 | Low |
| Breast | 0.6 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 12.4 | High expression |
| HEK293 | 8.7 | Moderate expression |
| MCF7 | 6.3 | Moderate expression |
| HCT116 | 15.1 | High expression |
| A549 | 9.2 | Moderate expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.172G>A (p.Gly58Arg) | Missense | <0.1% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.344C>T (p.Pro115Leu) | Missense | <0.1% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.482A>G (p.Tyr161Cys) | Missense | <0.1% | Unknown functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in COSMIC or ClinVar.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Overexpression and amplification are the primary gain-of-function mechanisms; specific activating mutations are not well characterized.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • protein tyrosine phosphatase activity | • hydrolase activity |
| • protein binding | • cell migration |
| • cell proliferation | • angiogenesis |
| • negative regulation of cell adhesion |
Pathways
• PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
• Rho GTPase cycle
• EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance
• Focal adhesion
• Pathways in cancer
Protein Summary
PTP4A3 encodes a 173-amino acid protein (PRL-3) with a dual-specificity phosphatase domain and a C-terminal prenylation motif that targets it to the plasma membrane. It dephosphorylates substrates involved in cell adhesion and motility, such as ezrin and integrins. PRL-3 is frequently overexpressed in metastatic cancers and promotes tumor progression through activation of Src, PI3K/Akt, and RhoA signaling. Its expression is regulated by transcription factors including ETS1 and HIF1α.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTP4A3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ2345 | Human | 11156 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTP4A3 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ22767 | Human | 11156 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTP4A3 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ22768 | Human | 11156 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTP4A3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ55587 | Human | 11156 | Details Get a Quote |
