PTGES2
Prostaglandin E Synthase 2 (microsomal)
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | PTGES2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Prostaglandin E Synthase 2 (microsomal) |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 9q34.11 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 80142 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/80142 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000148357 |
| UniProt ID | Q9H7Z7 |
| OMIM ID | 608152 |
| HGNC ID | 17822 |
| Aliases | PGES2, C9orf15, MGC1387, MGC14125 |
Description
PTGES2 encodes microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 2, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It is a membrane-associated protein involved in the terminal step of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis, playing roles in inflammation, pain, fever, and cancer progression. The gene is located on chromosome 9q34.11 and is expressed in various tissues.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Colorectal cancer | Overexpression of PTGES2 leads to increased PGE2 production, promoting tumor growth and metastasis via EP receptor signaling. | PMID: 19258513; COSMIC |
| Breast cancer | Elevated PTGES2 expression correlates with poor prognosis and enhanced cell proliferation through PGE2-mediated pathways. | PMID: 21804532; COSMIC |
| Inflammatory diseases | PTGES2 contributes to PGE2 synthesis in inflammatory cells, exacerbating conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. | PMID: 14688280; ClinVar |
| Fever | PTGES2-derived PGE2 acts on the hypothalamus to induce fever during infection or inflammation. | PMID: 16919414 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | 12.5 | Medium |
| Brain | 8.3 | Low |
| Colon | 15.2 | Medium |
| Heart | 6.7 | Low |
| Kidney | 14.1 | Medium |
| Liver | 10.9 | Medium |
| Lung | 9.8 | Low |
| Prostate | 11.4 | Medium |
| Skin | 7.6 | Low |
| Testis | 13.0 | Medium |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 18.5 | Cervical cancer cell line |
| MCF7 | 22.3 | Breast cancer cell line |
| A549 | 15.7 | Lung cancer cell line |
| HCT116 | 20.1 | Colorectal cancer cell line |
| HEK293 | 12.4 | Embryonic kidney cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1Val) | Missense | 0.01% (gnomAD) | Potential loss of start codon; functional impact unknown |
| c.374C>T (p.Thr125Ile) | Missense | 0.03% (gnomAD) | Rare variant; no known disease association |
| c.523G>A (p.Gly175Ser) | Missense | 0.02% (gnomAD) | Located in catalytic domain; may reduce enzyme activity |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in PTGES2; experimental knockdown reduces PGE2 synthesis.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Overexpression in cancer cells leads to increased PGE2 production and tumor progression.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described for PTGES2.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Arachidonic acid metabolism (Reactome: R-HSA-2142753)
• Prostaglandin synthesis and regulation (KEGG: hsa00590)
• COX-2/PGE2 pathway (WikiPathways: WP3747)
Protein Summary
PTGES2 encodes a 377-amino acid microsomal protein (UniProt Q9H7Z7) with a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa. It is a membrane-bound glutathione-independent prostaglandin E synthase that converts PGH2 to PGE2. The protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and its expression is induced by inflammatory stimuli. PTGES2 is distinct from PTGES1 (microsomal glutathione-dependent) and cytosolic PGES. It plays a key role in PGE2-mediated signaling in inflammation, pain, fever, and cancer.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTGES2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ9461 | Human | 80142 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTGES2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ36159 | Human | 80142 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTGES2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ36160 | Human | 80142 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTGES2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ34912 | Human | 80142 | Details Get a Quote |
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