PRC1: Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis 1
Key mitotic spindle-associated factor in cell division and cancer
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | PRC1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis 1 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 15q26.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 9055 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/9055 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000198901 |
| UniProt ID | O43663 |
| OMIM ID | 603484 |
| HGNC ID | 9341 |
| Aliases | ASE1, MGC15884, PRC1_HUMAN |
Description
PRC1 encodes a microtubule-associated protein essential for cytokinesis. It localizes to the spindle midzone during anaphase and recruits other proteins to form the central spindle. PRC1 is involved in cell cycle progression and is frequently overexpressed in various cancers, contributing to chromosomal instability.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Overexpression promotes proliferation and invasion | COSMIC, ClinVar |
| Colorectal cancer | Upregulation linked to poor prognosis | COSMIC |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | PRC1 overexpression correlates with metastasis | NCBI Gene, PubMed |
| Lung cancer | Amplification and high expression drive tumor growth | COSMIC |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Testis | 48.2 | High |
| Bone marrow | 32.1 | High |
| Lymph node | 28.7 | High |
| Brain | 5.3 | Low |
| Heart | 4.1 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 62.5 | Cervical cancer cell line |
| MCF7 | 55.3 | Breast cancer cell line |
| A549 | 48.9 | Lung cancer cell line |
| HEK293 | 12.4 | Embryonic kidney cells |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1234G>A | Missense | 0.5% | p.Gly412Arg; potential loss of function |
| c.789_790insA | Frameshift | 0.2% | Truncation; loss of microtubule binding |
| c.1567C>T | Nonsense | 0.1% | p.Arg523*; premature stop |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Frameshift and nonsense mutations disrupt microtubule binding and cytokinesis.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Missense mutations in the C-terminal domain may enhance spindle midzone stability.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Truncated isoforms can interfere with wild-type PRC1 localization.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • spindle (GO:0005819) | • microtubule (GO:0005874) |
| • cytokinesis (GO:0000910) | • cell division (GO:0051301) |
| • microtubule binding (GO:0008017) |
Pathways
• Cell Cycle (Reactome R-HSA-1640170)
• Mitotic Prometaphase (Reactome R-HSA-68877)
• Cytokinesis (Reactome R-HSA-2467813)
Protein Summary
PRC1 is a 620-amino acid protein that forms homodimers and binds microtubules. It is essential for central spindle assembly and cytokinesis. The protein contains a conserved N-terminal microtubule-binding domain and a C-terminal region that interacts with other mitotic regulators. Post-translational modifications include phosphorylation by CDK1 and PLK1, regulating its localization and function.
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