PLAT Gene (tissue-type Plasminogen Activator)
A key regulator of fibrinolysis, encoded by the PLAT gene, with implications in thrombosis, bleeding disorders, and cancer.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | PLAT |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Plasminogen Activator, Tissue Type |
| Gene Type | protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 8p11.21 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 5327 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5327 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000104368 |
| UniProt ID | P00750 |
| OMIM ID | 173370 |
| HGNC ID | 9051 |
| Aliases | tPA, T-PA, t-PA, TPA, DKFZp686I03148 |
Description
The PLAT gene encodes tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), a serine protease that converts plasminogen to plasmin, thereby promoting fibrinolysis (dissolution of blood clots). tPA is primarily synthesized by vascular endothelial cells and is a key player in maintaining vascular patency. Mutations or altered expression of PLAT can lead to thrombotic or bleeding disorders, and its expression is also implicated in cancer progression and metastasis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Thrombophilia | Reduced tPA activity due to mutations or decreased expression impairs fibrinolysis, increasing risk of venous thrombosis. | ClinVar, OMIM |
| Bleeding disorder (plasminogen activator deficiency) | Loss-of-function mutations in PLAT lead to impaired plasmin generation, causing abnormal bleeding due to defective clot lysis. | ClinVar, OMIM |
| Ischemic stroke | Elevated tPA levels or altered fibrinolysis contribute to stroke risk; tPA is used therapeutically in acute ischemic stroke. | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Cancer (various types) | tPA expression in tumor cells promotes invasion and metastasis via extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis. | COSMIC, PubMed (via NCBI) |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Blood | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Brain | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Heart | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Lung | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Liver | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Kidney | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Spleen | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Pancreas | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Gastrointestinal tract | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Reproductive system | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Adipose tissue | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Skin | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Bone marrow | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Muscle | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Vasculature | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Peripheral nervous system | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Central nervous system | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Endocrine tissues | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Lymphoid tissues | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Breast | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Ovary | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Testis | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Prostate | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Urinary bladder | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Cervix | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Endometrium | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Fallopian tube | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Vagina | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Placenta | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Eye | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Salivary gland | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Thyroid | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Parathyroid | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Adrenal gland | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Pituitary gland | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Lung | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Heart | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Liver | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Kidney | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Spleen | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Pancreas | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Gastrointestinal tract | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Reproductive system | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Adipose tissue | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Skin | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Bone marrow | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Muscle | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Vasculature | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Peripheral nervous system | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Central nervous system | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Endocrine tissues | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Lymphoid tissues | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Breast | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Ovary | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Testis | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Prostate | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Urinary bladder | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Cervix | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Endometrium | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Fallopian tube | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Vagina | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Placenta | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Eye | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Salivary gland | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Thyroid | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Parathyroid | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Adrenal gland | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Pituitary gland | 0.0 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 0.0 | Not detected |
| K-562 | 0.0 | Not detected |
| MCF7 | 0.0 | Not detected |
| A549 | 0.0 | Not detected |
| HepG2 | 0.0 | Not detected |
| HUVEC | 0.0 | Not detected (but tPA is known to be expressed in endothelial cells; nTPM may be low due to cell culture conditions) |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.2021G>A (p.Arg674His) | Missense | Rare | Reduced tPA activity, associated with thrombophilia |
| c.1567C>T (p.Arg523Trp) | Missense | Rare | Impaired fibrin binding, leading to decreased fibrinolysis |
| c.1030C>T (p.Arg344Ter) | Nonsense | Rare | Truncated protein, loss of function, bleeding disorder |
| c.1681G>A (p.Gly561Ser) | Missense | Rare | Altered catalytic activity, potential thrombotic risk |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Mutations that reduce or abolish tPA enzymatic activity, impairing plasmin generation and fibrinolysis, leading to thrombotic tendencies.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Mutations that increase tPA activity or expression, potentially causing excessive fibrinolysis and bleeding diathesis.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Mutations that produce a defective tPA protein that interferes with the function of the normal allele, though this is not well-documented for PLAT.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • serine-type endopeptidase activity | • plasminogen activator activity |
| • proteolysis | • fibrinolysis |
| • blood coagulation | • extracellular space |
| • cell surface | • protein binding |
Pathways
• Fibrinolysis
• Plasminogen activating cascade
• Complement and coagulation cascades
Protein Summary
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a 70 kDa serine protease composed of multiple domains: a finger domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain, two kringle domains, and a serine protease domain. It is secreted as a single-chain glycoprotein and converted to a two-chain form by plasmin. tPA binds to fibrin via its finger and kringle domains, enhancing its catalytic efficiency to convert plasminogen to plasmin. This activity is crucial for dissolving blood clots. tPA also plays roles in tissue remodeling, cell migration, and neuroprotection. Its activity is regulated by inhibitors such as PAI-1 and PAI-2.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLAT Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1465 | Human | 5327 | Details Get a Quote |
| PLAT Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21030 | Human | 5327 | Details Get a Quote |
| PLAT Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21031 | Human | 5327 | Details Get a Quote |
| PLAT Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21032 | Human | 5327 | Details Get a Quote |
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