PLA2G4A Gene - Cytosolic Phospholipase A2
Key regulator of arachidonic acid release and eicosanoid biosynthesis
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | PLA2G4A |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Phospholipase A2 Group IVA |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 1q31.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 5321 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5321 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000116711 |
| UniProt ID | P47712 |
| OMIM ID | 600522 |
| HGNC ID | 9035 |
| Aliases | cPLA2, cPLA2-alpha, PLA2G4 |
Description
PLA2G4A encodes cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which selectively hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid, the precursor for prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other eicosanoids. This enzyme is calcium-dependent and regulated by phosphorylation, playing a central role in inflammation, cell signaling, and lipid metabolism.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | cPLA2-mediated arachidonic acid release drives pro-inflammatory eicosanoid production in synovial tissue | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Colorectal Cancer | Overexpression of PLA2G4A linked to increased prostaglandin E2 synthesis and tumor progression | COSMIC, NCBI Gene |
| Alzheimer Disease | Altered cPLA2 activity associated with amyloid-beta pathology and neuroinflammation | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Asthma | cPLA2 contributes to airway inflammation via leukotriene synthesis | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lung | 12.3 | Medium |
| Spleen | 9.8 | Medium |
| Small Intestine | 8.5 | Medium |
| Brain | 6.2 | Low |
| Heart | 4.1 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| A549 (lung carcinoma) | 15.2 | High expression |
| HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) | 10.5 | Medium expression |
| MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) | 7.8 | Medium expression |
| K562 (leukemia) | 5.3 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.2072G>A (p.Arg691His) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.1576C>T (p.Arg526Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.1114G>A (p.Gly372Ser) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function variants reported in ClinVar or COSMIC for PLA2G4A.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function variants reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative variants reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • GO:0004623 - phospholipase A2 activity | • GO:0005509 - calcium ion binding |
| • GO:0008289 - lipid binding | • GO:0016042 - lipid catabolic process |
| • GO:0006631 - fatty acid metabolic process | • GO:0007165 - signal transduction |
Pathways
• Arachidonic acid metabolism (Reactome: R-HSA-2142753)
• Eicosanoid synthesis (Reactome: R-HSA-2162123)
• Inflammatory response pathway (KEGG: hsa04668)
Protein Summary
The PLA2G4A protein (cPLA2) is a 749-amino acid cytosolic phospholipase that translocates to membranes upon calcium binding. It contains an N-terminal C2 domain for calcium-dependent membrane targeting and a C-terminal catalytic domain. The enzyme preferentially hydrolyzes phospholipids containing arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position, initiating the production of potent inflammatory mediators. Its activity is tightly regulated by phosphorylation at Ser505, Ser515, and Ser727.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLA2G4A Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ726 | Human | 5321 | Details Get a Quote |
| PLA2G4A Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDC90415 | Human | 5321 | Details Get a Quote |
| PLA2G4A Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ19351 | Human | 5321 | Details Get a Quote |
| PLA2G4A Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ19352 | Human | 5321 | Details Get a Quote |
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