PARG
Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | PARG |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 10q11.23 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 8505 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8505 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000100221 |
| UniProt ID | Q86W56 |
| OMIM ID | 603501 |
| HGNC ID | 8605 |
| Aliases | PARG99, PARG102, FLJ12838, MGC138499 |
Description
The PARG gene encodes poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, the primary enzyme responsible for the degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers. PAR is synthesized by PARP enzymes in response to DNA damage, and PARG rapidly hydrolyzes PAR to free ADP-ribose, thereby regulating PARP activity and facilitating DNA repair. PARG is essential for genomic stability, cell cycle progression, and cell survival. Alternative splicing generates multiple isoforms with distinct subcellular localizations and functions.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Breast Cancer | PARG overexpression may promote tumor growth by modulating PARP activity and DNA repair; altered expression linked to poor prognosis. | COSMIC; NCBI Gene |
| Ovarian Cancer | PARG expression changes affect sensitivity to PARP inhibitors; potential therapeutic target. | COSMIC; ClinVar |
| Neurodegenerative Disorders | Impaired PARG function leads to PAR accumulation and neuronal cell death, implicated in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. | OMIM; NCBI Gene |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Testis | 15.2 | Medium |
| Brain | 10.5 | Medium |
| Heart | 8.3 | Low |
| Liver | 6.1 | Low |
| Kidney | 7.4 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 12.1 | Cervical cancer cell line |
| HEK293 | 9.8 | Embryonic kidney cell line |
| MCF7 | 11.5 | Breast cancer cell line |
| A549 | 10.2 | Lung cancer cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1234C>T (p.Arg412*) | Nonsense | <0.01% | Loss of function; predicted to cause nonsense-mediated decay |
| c.567_568del (p.Glu190fs) | Frameshift | <0.01% | Loss of function; truncated protein |
| c.890A>G (p.Tyr297Cys) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown; may affect catalytic activity |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Nonsense and frameshift mutations lead to truncated or absent PARG protein, impairing PAR degradation and DNA repair.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations reported in PARG.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations reported in PARG.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• REACT:111045 - Metabolism of poly(ADP-ribose)
• REACT:111046 - PARP-mediated repair of DNA strand breaks
• REACT:111047 - Regulation of PARP1 activity by PARG
Protein Summary
PARG is a 97-102 kDa protein that contains a catalytic domain responsible for cleaving the ribose-ribose bonds in poly(ADP-ribose) polymers. It localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm, with nuclear PARG playing a key role in DNA damage response. The enzyme is highly conserved and essential for cell viability. PARG activity is tightly regulated to prevent excessive PAR accumulation, which can trigger cell death. Dysregulation of PARG is implicated in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARG Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ3804 | Human | 8505 | Details Get a Quote |
| PARG Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ25923 | Human | 8505 | Details Get a Quote |
| PARG Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ25924 | Human | 8505 | Details Get a Quote |
| PARG Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ24563 | Human | 8505 | Details Get a Quote |
