OPRL1 (Nociceptin Receptor)
Opioid-Related Nociceptin Receptor 1
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | OPRL1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Opioid Related Nociceptin Receptor 1 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 20q13.33 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 4987 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4987 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000101439 |
| UniProt ID | P41146 |
| OMIM ID | 602548 |
| HGNC ID | 8155 |
| Aliases | ORL1, NOP, KOR-3, OPRL |
Description
OPRL1 encodes the nociceptin receptor (also known as ORL1 or NOP), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds the endogenous neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ). This receptor is involved in modulating pain, anxiety, stress responses, reward, and immune functions. It is structurally related to opioid receptors but does not bind classical opioid ligands. OPRL1 is expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in the amygdala, hippocampus, and cortex, as well as in peripheral tissues such as the spleen and immune cells.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic Pain | Dysregulation of nociceptin signaling alters pain perception; OPRL1 agonists/antagonists are investigated for analgesic effects. | ClinVar, PubMed |
| Anxiety Disorders | OPRL1 variants and altered receptor expression are linked to anxiety-like behaviors in animal models and human genetic studies. | OMIM, PubMed |
| Substance Use Disorders | OPRL1 modulates reward pathways; polymorphisms are associated with alcohol and opioid dependence. | NCBI Gene, PubMed |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | OPRL1 expression in immune cells may influence gut inflammation via nociceptin signaling. | PubMed |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain (amygdala) | 12.5 | High |
| Brain (hippocampus) | 10.8 | High |
| Brain (cortex) | 9.2 | Medium |
| Spleen | 6.4 | Medium |
| Lung | 3.1 | Low |
| Liver | 1.2 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) | 8.7 | Neuronal model, high expression |
| HEK293 (embryonic kidney) | 2.3 | Low endogenous expression |
| Jurkat (T-cell) | 5.1 | Immune cell expression |
| U-87 MG (glioblastoma) | 4.6 | Moderate expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.26C>T (p.Ala9Val) | Missense | <0.01% | Reduced receptor surface expression; ClinVar |
| c.304G>A (p.Val102Ile) | Missense | 0.02% | Altered ligand binding affinity; COSMIC |
| c.1057C>T (p.Arg353Cys) | Missense | 0.01% | Impaired G-protein coupling; ClinVar |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Mutations reducing receptor expression or G-protein coupling (e.g., p.Arg353Cys) lead to loss of nociceptin signaling.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No well-characterized gain-of-function mutations reported in OPRL1.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described for OPRL1.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G protein-coupled receptor activity | • neuropeptide binding |
| • opioid receptor activity | • signal transduction |
| • adenylate cyclase inhibition | • calcium ion homeostasis |
| • nervous system development | • inflammatory response |
Pathways
• Nociceptin/orphanin FQ signaling
• GPCR downstream signaling (cAMP inhibition)
• Pain modulation pathway
• Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
Protein Summary
The nociceptin receptor (NOP) is a 370-amino-acid GPCR with seven transmembrane domains. It is activated by the endogenous peptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ, leading to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, modulation of ion channels, and regulation of neurotransmitter release. The receptor is a target for developing analgesics and anxiolytics with reduced opioid-related side effects.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPRL1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ3157 | Human | 4987 | Details Get a Quote |
| OPRL1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54049 | Human | 4987 | Details Get a Quote |
| OPRL1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ62537 | Human | 4987 | Details Get a Quote |
| OPRL1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ71009 | Human | 4987 | Details Get a Quote |
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