OAS3: 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase 3
A key antiviral enzyme in the interferon-induced innate immune response
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | OAS3 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase 3 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 12q24.13 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 4940 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4940 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000111331 |
| UniProt ID | Q9Y6K5 |
| OMIM ID | 603351 |
| HGNC ID | 8087 |
| Aliases | p100 OAS, 2'-5'-OAS3 |
Description
OAS3 encodes the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 3, an interferon-induced enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylates (2-5A) from ATP. These 2-5A molecules bind to and activate latent RNase L, leading to degradation of viral and cellular RNA, thereby inhibiting viral replication. OAS3 is a key component of the innate immune response against RNA viruses, including flaviviruses and coronaviruses.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Viral Infections (e.g., Dengue, West Nile, SARS-CoV-2) | OAS3 synthesizes 2-5A to activate RNase L, degrading viral RNA and limiting replication. | PMID: 31340999, PMID: 32697947 |
| Chronic Hepatitis C | Polymorphisms in OAS3 are associated with differential response to interferon-based therapy. | PMID: 19197348 |
| Autoimmune Disorders (e.g., Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) | Dysregulated OAS3 expression may contribute to aberrant interferon signaling and immune activation. | PMID: 25605272 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lung | 12.5 | Medium |
| Spleen | 10.8 | Medium |
| Liver | 8.2 | Medium |
| Whole Blood | 6.1 | Low |
| Brain | 2.3 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| A549 (Lung Carcinoma) | 15.2 | High baseline; induced by interferon |
| HepG2 (Hepatocellular Carcinoma) | 9.8 | Moderate; responsive to viral mimic |
| THP-1 (Monocyte) | 7.5 | Low; strongly upregulated by IFN-β |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs2285933 (c.1078G>A) | SNP | 0.25 (global) | May alter enzyme activity; associated with hepatitis C treatment response |
| rs2072136 (c.2083C>T) | SNP | 0.18 (global) | Linked to altered OAS3 expression levels |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Rare nonsense or frameshift mutations that truncate the protein, reducing 2-5A synthesis and antiviral activity.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not well documented; potential activating missense variants may enhance RNase L activation.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not reported for OAS3.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Interferon alpha/beta signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-909733)
• OAS antiviral response (Reactome: R-HSA-8983711)
• RNase L activation (Reactome: R-HSA-8983432)
Protein Summary
OAS3 is a 1087-amino acid protein belonging to the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family. It contains three OAS domains, each capable of binding double-stranded RNA, and catalyzes the polymerization of ATP into 2-5A. The protein is predominantly cytoplasmic and is strongly induced by type I interferons. OAS3 plays a critical role in restricting replication of numerous RNA viruses, and its expression is tightly regulated to balance antiviral defense and cellular homeostasis.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OAS3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ3450 | Human | 4940 | Details Get a Quote |
| OAS3 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ25186 | Human | 4940 | Details Get a Quote |
| OAS3 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ25187 | Human | 4940 | Details Get a Quote |
| OAS3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ23808 | Human | 4940 | Details Get a Quote |
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