NCAPG: A Key Regulator of Chromosome Condensation and Cell Division
Comprehensive gene overview of NCAPG (non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G) – function, expression, disease associations, and mutations.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | NCAPG |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 4p15.31 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 64151 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/64151 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000109805 |
| UniProt ID | Q9BPX3 |
| OMIM ID | 606280 |
| HGNC ID | 24304 |
| Aliases | CAP-G, CAPG, CHCG, FLJ12448, MCPH6, NCAPG1 |
Description
NCAPG encodes a subunit of the condensin I complex, which is essential for chromosome condensation and segregation during mitosis. The protein localizes to chromosomes during prophase and is required for proper mitotic progression. NCAPG is also implicated in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. Overexpression is observed in various cancers and is associated with poor prognosis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Overexpression promotes proliferation and metastasis | PMID: 30530652 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Upregulation correlates with tumor grade and poor survival | PMID: 31065109 |
| Colorectal cancer | High expression linked to advanced stage and metastasis | PMID: 31545678 |
| Lung adenocarcinoma | NCAPG amplification drives oncogenic signaling | PMID: 32015567 |
| Primary microcephaly (MCPH6) | Loss-of-function mutations impair brain development | OMIM: 606280 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Testis | 28.5 | High |
| Bone marrow | 15.2 | Medium |
| Lymph node | 12.8 | Medium |
| Brain | 2.1 | Low |
| Heart | 1.5 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 32.1 | Cervical cancer cell line |
| MCF7 | 18.7 | Breast cancer cell line |
| HepG2 | 22.4 | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
| A549 | 14.9 | Lung adenocarcinoma cell line |
| K562 | 9.3 | Leukemia cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1015C>T (p.Arg339Trp) | Missense | 0.02% | Unknown functional impact |
| c.1234G>A (p.Glu412Lys) | Missense | 0.01% | Potential loss of function |
| c.1456_1457del (p.Leu486fs) | Frameshift | <0.01% | Loss of function |
| c.789A>G (p.Ile263Val) | Missense | 0.03% | Benign |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Frameshift and nonsense mutations (e.g., p.Leu486fs) lead to truncated protein and loss of condensin I function, associated with microcephaly.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Amplification and overexpression in cancers suggest a potential gain-of-function role in promoting cell proliferation.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations have been characterized for NCAPG.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Cell Cycle (Reactome: R-HSA-1640170)
• Mitotic Prophase (Reactome: R-HSA-68875)
• Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes (Reactome: R-HSA-2299718)
• Chromosome Maintenance (KEGG: hsa04110)
Protein Summary
NCAPG is a 1,015-amino-acid protein (UniProt Q9BPX3) that forms part of the condensin I complex. It contains HEAT repeats and a CAP-G domain, mediating interactions with other condensin subunits and DNA. The protein is essential for mitotic chromosome assembly and stability. Post-translational modifications include phosphorylation during mitosis, regulating its localization and activity.
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