MST1 Gene (Macrophage Stimulating 1)
A key regulator of macrophage activation, hepatocyte growth, and immune response.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | MST1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Macrophage Stimulating 1 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 3p21.31 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 4485 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4485 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000173531 |
| UniProt ID | P26927 |
| OMIM ID | 142408 |
| HGNC ID | 7380 |
| Aliases | DNF15S2, HGFL, MSP, NF15S2 |
Description
MST1 (Macrophage Stimulating 1) encodes a protein that belongs to the plasminogen-related growth factor family. The encoded protein is a serum protein that is cleaved into an alpha and beta chain. The beta chain is a disulfide-linked heterodimer that binds to the RON receptor (MST1R) and stimulates macrophage chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and cell migration. MST1 is involved in innate immunity, tissue repair, and hepatocyte growth regulation.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Primary biliary cholangitis | MST1 variants are associated with altered immune regulation and macrophage activation in the liver. | GWAS (PMID: 26394269) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | MST1 polymorphisms influence macrophage function and intestinal inflammation. | GWAS (PMID: 23128233) |
| Asthma | MST1 signaling modulates airway inflammation and macrophage responses. | Association study (PMID: 21121953) |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | MST1 expression is dysregulated in liver cancer, affecting tumor growth and metastasis. | Expression analysis (PMID: 25636800) |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Liver | 12.5 | Medium |
| Pancreas | 8.3 | Low |
| Kidney | 6.1 | Low |
| Lung | 4.7 | Low |
| Spleen | 3.2 | Low |
| Bone marrow | 2.1 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HepG2 | 15.2 | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
| A549 | 5.8 | Lung carcinoma cell line |
| THP-1 | 3.4 | Monocytic leukemia cell line |
| K562 | 1.1 | Chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1130C>T (p.Thr377Met) | Missense | 0.0004 (gnomAD) | May alter protein stability and receptor binding |
| c.1528G>A (p.Val510Ile) | Missense | 0.0012 (gnomAD) | Unknown functional effect |
| c.1960G>A (p.Gly654Ser) | Missense | 0.0001 (gnomAD) | Reported in ClinVar as uncertain significance |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Loss-of-function mutations in MST1 are rare and may impair macrophage activation and immune response.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • macrophage chemotaxis | • cell migration |
| • hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding | • protein homodimerization activity |
| • extracellular space |
Pathways
• Macrophage stimulating 1 receptor signaling pathway
• Innate immune system
• HGF/MET signaling
Protein Summary
The MST1 protein is synthesized as a single-chain precursor and proteolytically cleaved to form a disulfide-linked heterodimer of alpha and beta chains. The beta chain binds to the RON receptor (MST1R) on macrophages, triggering downstream signaling cascades that promote chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and cell survival. MST1 is primarily expressed in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream, where it functions as a serum factor regulating macrophage activation and tissue repair.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MST1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1612 | Human | 4485 | Details Get a Quote |
| MST1R Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1614 | Human | 4486 | Details Get a Quote |
| MST1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21294 | Human | 4485 | Details Get a Quote |
| MST1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21295 | Human | 4485 | Details Get a Quote |
| MST1R Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21298 | Human | 4486 | Details Get a Quote |
| MST1R Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21299 | Human | 4486 | Details Get a Quote |
| MST1R Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21300 | Human | 4486 | Details Get a Quote |
| MST1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ62399 | Human | 4485 | Details Get a Quote |
