MOG (Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein)
A key autoantigen in demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | MOG |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 6p22.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 4340 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4340 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000204655 |
| UniProt ID | Q16653 |
| OMIM ID | 159465 |
| HGNC ID | 7192 |
| Aliases | MOGIG2, BTN6, MOG1, MOG2 |
Description
MOG (Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein) encodes a membrane protein expressed on the surface of oligodendrocytes and the outermost layer of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system. It is a minor component of CNS myelin but a major target for autoantibodies in demyelinating disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis and MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). The protein belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and may function in cell adhesion, myelin integrity, and immune modulation.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple Sclerosis | Autoantibodies against MOG contribute to demyelination and oligodendrocyte damage | ClinVar, OMIM |
| MOG Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD) | Anti-MOG IgG antibodies target the extracellular domain, leading to complement-mediated demyelination | ClinVar, NCBI |
| Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) | MOG-specific T-cell and antibody responses implicated in post-infectious demyelination | OMIM, NCBI |
| Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) | Subset of patients with MOG antibodies present with optic neuritis and transverse myelitis | ClinVar |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 12.5 | Medium |
| Spinal cord | 8.3 | Medium |
| Optic nerve | 6.1 | Low |
| Cerebellum | 10.2 | Medium |
| Cerebral cortex | 11.0 | Medium |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Oligodendrocytes (primary) | 45.2 | High expression |
| MO3.13 (oligodendrocyte cell line) | 38.7 | High expression |
| SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) | 0.5 | Very low |
| U-87 MG (glioblastoma) | 1.2 | Low |
| HEK293 | 0.1 | Not detected |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | missense | <0.01% | Potential loss of start codon; uncertain significance |
| c.124G>A (p.Val42Ile) | missense | <0.01% | Rare variant; no known disease association |
| c.335C>T (p.Thr112Met) | missense | <0.01% | Reported in multiple sclerosis; functional impact unclear |
| c.463G>A (p.Gly155Ser) | missense | <0.01% | Rare; uncertain significance |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in MOG; complete loss may be incompatible with normal myelin structure.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations described; MOG is primarily an autoantigen target rather than an oncogenic driver.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations reported; MOG functions as a monomeric membrane protein.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • plasma membrane (GO:0005886) | • cell adhesion (GO:0007155) |
| • axon ensheathment (GO:0008366) | • integral component of membrane (GO:0016021) |
| • myelin sheath (GO:0043209) | • regulation of immune response (GO:0050776) |
Pathways
• KEGG hsa04672 – Intestinal immune network for IgA production (indirect via immune modulation)
• Reactome R-HSA-1474220 – Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall
• Reactome R-HSA-202733 – Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
Protein Summary
MOG is a 247-amino acid type I transmembrane glycoprotein with a single extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain. It is expressed exclusively in the CNS on the surface of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths. The protein is highly immunogenic and serves as a primary target for autoantibodies in demyelinating diseases. Its precise physiological function remains unclear but likely involves cell adhesion, myelin compaction, and regulation of immune responses. The extracellular domain is the target of pathogenic anti-MOG antibodies in MOGAD and multiple sclerosis.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOGAT2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ2657 | Human | 80168 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOG Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ3654 | Human | 4340 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOGAT1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ7560 | Human | 116255 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOGAT3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ14283 | Human | 346606 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOGS Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ14284 | Human | 7841 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOGS Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ44325 | Human | 7841 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOGS Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ44326 | Human | 7841 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOGS Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ44327 | Human | 7841 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOG Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53895 | Human | 4340 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOGAT2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ57303 | Human | 80168 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOGAT1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ57977 | Human | 116255 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOGAT3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ59803 | Human | 346606 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOG Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ62386 | Human | 4340 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOGAT2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ65811 | Human | 80168 | Details Get a Quote |
| MOGAT1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ66466 | Human | 116255 | Details Get a Quote |
