LTF Gene: Lactotransferrin Function, Mutations, and Disease Associations

The LTF gene encodes lactotransferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family. It is a major component of milk and other exocrine secretions, where it exerts antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities. Lactotransferrin binds iron with high affinity, limiting its availability to pathogens, and also interacts with host cells to regulate immune responses.

Tissue Expression

Cell Line Expression

Hotspot Mutations

Mutation functional classification

• Iron uptake and transport

• Innate immune system

• Antimicrobial peptides

Lactotransferrin is an 80 kDa glycoprotein composed of two homologous lobes, each capable of binding one ferric ion (Fe3+) with high affinity. It is secreted into milk, tears, saliva, and other mucosal fluids, where it sequesters iron to inhibit microbial growth. Additionally, it interacts with host receptors to modulate inflammation, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Its N-terminal region contains a cationic antimicrobial peptide (lactoferricin) released upon proteolysis.