LGR5 Gene: Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5
A stem cell marker and key player in Wnt signaling, implicated in cancer and tissue regeneration.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | LGR5 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 |
| Gene Type | protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 12q21.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 8549 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8549 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000139292 |
| UniProt ID | O75473 |
| OMIM ID | 606667 |
| HGNC ID | 4501 |
| Aliases | GPR49, GRP49, FEX, HG38 |
Description
LGR5 (Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5) encodes a seven-transmembrane receptor that is a well-established marker of adult stem cells in various tissues, including the intestine, stomach, hair follicles, and liver. It functions as a receptor for R-spondins, which potentiate Wnt signaling, crucial for stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. LGR5 is also implicated in cancer, where its overexpression is associated with tumor growth and poor prognosis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Colorectal cancer | LGR5 marks cancer stem cells; overexpression enhances Wnt signaling, promoting tumor initiation and progression. | High expression correlates with poor survival (PMID: 25705862). |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | LGR5+ cells contribute to tumor growth and recurrence; activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. | Upregulated in HCC tissues (PMID: 26045157). |
| Gastric cancer | LGR5+ cells are associated with cancer stemness and chemoresistance. | Expression linked to advanced stage (PMID: 26907580). |
| Basal cell carcinoma | LGR5 marks tumor-propagating cells; aberrant Wnt signaling drives tumorigenesis. | LGR5+ cells show high tumorigenic potential (PMID: 22438019). |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Small intestine | 12.5 | High |
| Colon | 10.2 | High |
| Stomach | 8.4 | Medium |
| Liver | 3.1 | Low |
| Skin | 2.0 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Caco-2 | 15.3 | Colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line; high expression |
| HCT116 | 12.8 | Colorectal carcinoma; moderate-high |
| HepG2 | 4.2 | Hepatocellular carcinoma; low |
| MCF7 | 1.5 | Breast cancer; low |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.557C>T (p.Ser186Phe) | Missense | 0.01% (COSMIC) | Unknown; may affect receptor function |
| c.1120A>G (p.Ile374Val) | Missense | 0.005% (COSMIC) | Not characterized |
| c.1654C>T (p.Arg552Trp) | Missense | 0.002% (COSMIC) | Potential impact on signaling |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Rare truncating mutations have been reported in some cancers, potentially reducing receptor activity, but functional validation is limited.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Amplification or overexpression of LGR5 is common in cancers, leading to enhanced Wnt signaling and stemness, but specific activating point mutations are not well documented.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No evidence for dominant-negative LGR5 mutations.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G protein-coupled receptor activity | • transmembrane signaling receptor activity |
| • Wnt signaling pathway | • stem cell population maintenance |
| • positive regulation of cell proliferation | • cell surface receptor signaling pathway |
Pathways
• Wnt signaling pathway
• R-spondin receptor pathway
• Stem cell regulation
Protein Summary
LGR5 is a 907-amino acid protein with a large extracellular domain containing leucine-rich repeats, a seven-transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. It binds R-spondins, which enhance Wnt signaling by stabilizing Frizzled receptors. LGR5 is predominantly expressed on the surface of adult stem cells, where it maintains stemness and promotes tissue homeostasis. In cancer, LGR5 marks cancer stem cells and contributes to tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LGR5 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ113 | Human | 8549 | Details Get a Quote |
| LGR5 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ18448 | Human | 8549 | Details Get a Quote |
| LGR5 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ63423 | Human | 8549 | Details Get a Quote |
| LGR5 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ71889 | Human | 8549 | Details Get a Quote |
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