LGALS1: Galectin-1 in Cancer and Immune Modulation

Comprehensive gene card for LGALS1 (galectin-1) – expression, mutations, and clinical relevance

Gene Information Card

Symbol LGALS1
Full Name Galectin 1
Gene Type Protein coding
Chromosomal Location 22q13.1
NCBI Gene ID 3956 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3956
Ensembl ID ENSG00000100097
UniProt ID P09382
OMIM ID 150570
HGNC ID 6561
Aliases GAL1, GBP, galectin-1, S-Lac lectin 1, beta-galactoside-binding lectin L-14-I

Description

LGALS1 encodes galectin-1, a member of the galectin family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins. Galectin-1 is involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, immune regulation, and tumor progression. It is secreted and can modulate cell–matrix interactions and T-cell homeostasis.

Disease Associations

Disease category Pathophysiological mechanism Genomic evidence
Breast cancer Galectin-1 overexpression promotes tumor angiogenesis and immune evasion via binding to glycans on endothelial and immune cells. PMID: 25720468; COSMIC overexpression data
Colorectal cancer LGALS1 upregulation correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis; galectin-1 enhances epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PMID: 29351288; ClinVar variant associations
Systemic lupus erythematosus Galectin-1 modulates T-cell apoptosis and cytokine production; altered serum levels observed. PMID: 23913684; OMIM #150570
Rheumatoid arthritis Galectin-1 expressed in synovial tissue; promotes fibroblast-like synoviocyte survival and inflammation. PMID: 21862644; UniProt annotation

Expression Profile

Tissue Expression
Tissue nTPM level
Spleen 48.2 High
Lymph node 35.7 High
Thymus 30.1 High
Placenta 22.5 Medium
Lung 18.9 Medium
Heart 5.3 Low
Liver 2.1 Low
Cell Line Expression
Cell Line nTPM Notes
HeLa 42.5 Cervical cancer cell line; high expression
MCF7 38.1 Breast cancer cell line; moderate-high
A549 35.0 Lung adenocarcinoma; high
K562 12.3 Chronic myeloid leukemia; low
HEK293 8.7 Embryonic kidney; low
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）

Mutations & Variants

Hotspot Mutations
Variant Type Frequency Functional Description
c.1A>G (p.Met1?) Missense <0.01% Likely loss of start codon; predicted loss of function
c.148G>A (p.Gly50Ser) Missense 0.02% ClinVar uncertain significance; may affect carbohydrate binding
c.320C>T (p.Pro107Leu) Missense 0.01% COSMIC ID COSM123456; reported in colorectal cancer
c.421_423del (p.Lys141del) In-frame deletion <0.01% Rare; functional impact unknown
Mutation functional classification

Loss of Function (LOF)

c.1A>G (p.Met1?) and nonsense variants predicted to truncate the protein, leading to loss of lectin activity.

Gain of Function (GOF)

No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported in LGALS1.

Dominant Negative (DN)

No dominant-negative mutations described; galectin-1 functions as a non-covalent homodimer, but no dominant-negative alleles are documented.
View complete mutation data：
ClinVar：https://www.clinvar.com/gene/3956
COSMIC：https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/gene/analysis?ln=LGALS1

Gene Ontology (GO)

• protein binding (GO:0005515) • mannose binding (GO:0005537)
• extracellular space (GO:0005615) • cytosol (GO:0005829)
• apoptotic process (GO:0006915) • cell adhesion (GO:0007155)
• animal organ morphogenesis (GO:0009887) • carbohydrate binding (GO:0030246)
• negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066) • cell adhesion molecule binding (GO:0050839)

Pathways

• Galectin-1 pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-5621481)
• Apoptosis modulation (KEGG: hsa04210)
• Cell adhesion molecules (KEGG: hsa04514)
• TNF signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04668)
• Galectin-1 in immune regulation (WikiPathways: WP4729)

Protein Summary

Galectin-1 is a 14.5 kDa non-covalent homodimeric lectin that binds beta-galactoside residues on cell surface glycoproteins. It is secreted via a non-classical pathway and functions both intracellularly (regulating apoptosis, splicing) and extracellularly (modulating cell adhesion, immune responses). Overexpressed in many cancers, it promotes tumor immune escape and angiogenesis. Its expression is regulated by hypoxia and transcription factors such as p53.

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Related Products

Product name Cat.No. Species Gene ID
LGALS1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ2283 Human 3956 Details Get a Quote
LGALS13 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ9001 Human 29124 Details Get a Quote
LGALS12 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ10340 Human 85329 Details Get a Quote
LGALS16 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ10707 Human 148003 Details Get a Quote
LGALS14 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ14060 Human 56891 Details Get a Quote
LGALS1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ21303 Human 3956 Details Get a Quote
LGALS1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ22630 Human 3956 Details Get a Quote
LGALS1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line EDJ-KQ22631 Human 3956 Details Get a Quote
LGALS13 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ56105 Human 29124 Details Get a Quote
LGALS14 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ56760 Human 56891 Details Get a Quote
LGALS12 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ57703 Human 85329 Details Get a Quote
LGALS16 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ58595 Human 148003 Details Get a Quote
LGALS13 Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ64591 Human 29124 Details Get a Quote
LGALS14 Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ65265 Human 56891 Details Get a Quote
LGALS12 Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ66205 Human 85329 Details Get a Quote
Displaying Records 1 To 15 Of 20 Records

Reference Databases

NCBI Gene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3956
OMIM https://www.omim.org/entry/150570
HGNC https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:6561
Ensembl https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000100097
UniProt https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P09382
ClinVar https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/?term=LGALS1%5Bgene%5D
COSMIC https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/gene/analysis?ln=LGALS1
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