GSTP1: Glutathione S-Transferase Pi 1
A key detoxification enzyme and biomarker in cancer and oxidative stress
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GSTP1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Glutathione S-Transferase Pi 1 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 11q13.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2950 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2950 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000084207 |
| UniProt ID | P09211 |
| OMIM ID | 134660 |
| HGNC ID | 4638 |
| Aliases | GSTP1-1, GSTP, FAEES3, PI, GST3 |
Description
GSTP1 encodes a member of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family, a phase II detoxification enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide variety of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, and products of oxidative stress. The enzyme is highly expressed in many tissues and is implicated in cancer susceptibility, drug resistance, and inflammatory diseases. Common polymorphisms, particularly Ile105Val (rs1695), alter enzyme activity and are associated with altered risk for various cancers and response to chemotherapy.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer (multiple types) | Reduced detoxification of carcinogens due to GSTP1 polymorphisms increases susceptibility | PMID: 15645491, COSMIC |
| Asthma | GSTP1 variants influence oxidative stress response and airway inflammation | PMID: 16987626, ClinVar |
| Parkinson's disease | Impaired glutathione conjugation may contribute to oxidative damage in dopaminergic neurons | PMID: 17447895 |
| Drug resistance (chemotherapy) | Overexpression of GSTP1 in tumors conjugates and inactivates platinum-based drugs | PMID: 12460928, COSMIC |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Liver | 12.5 | Medium |
| Kidney | 8.3 | Medium |
| Lung | 6.7 | Medium |
| Breast | 4.2 | Low |
| Colon | 9.1 | Medium |
| Prostate | 3.8 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 10.2 | Cervical cancer cell line |
| A549 | 8.9 | Lung adenocarcinoma cell line |
| MCF7 | 5.6 | Breast cancer cell line |
| HepG2 | 14.1 | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ile105Val (rs1695) | Missense | ~30% in Caucasians | Reduced catalytic activity; associated with cancer risk and chemotherapy response |
| Ala114Val (rs1138272) | Missense | ~5% in Caucasians | Moderate effect on enzyme activity; linked to asthma and cancer |
| c.313A>G | Missense | Rare | Altered substrate specificity |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Ile105Val reduces enzyme activity by ~30-50%, impairing detoxification of carcinogens and drugs.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not well documented; some variants may increase activity toward specific substrates.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not reported for GSTP1.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Glutathione metabolism (KEGG: hsa00480)
• Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 (KEGG: hsa00982)
• Chemical carcinogenesis (KEGG: hsa05204)
Protein Summary
GSTP1 is a 210-amino-acid cytosolic enzyme that forms homodimers. Each subunit contains an active site with a tyrosine residue that stabilizes the thiolate anion of glutathione. The enzyme conjugates glutathione to electrophilic substrates, facilitating their excretion. GSTP1 is highly expressed in many cancers and contributes to chemoresistance. The Ile105Val polymorphism is the most studied, affecting substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSTP1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1062 | Human | 2950 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTP1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ20186 | Human | 2950 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTP1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ20187 | Human | 2950 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTP1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ20188 | Human | 2950 | Details Get a Quote |
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