GSTM3: Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 3
A key detoxification enzyme involved in xenobiotic metabolism and cancer susceptibility.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GSTM3 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 3 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 1p13.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2947 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2947 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000134202 |
| UniProt ID | P21266 |
| OMIM ID | 138390 |
| HGNC ID | 4635 |
| Aliases | GST5, GSTM3-3, GTM3, hGSTM3 |
Description
GSTM3 (Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 3) encodes a member of the mu class of glutathione S-transferases, which are phase II detoxification enzymes. These enzymes catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide variety of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, and environmental toxins. GSTM3 is expressed in multiple tissues and plays a role in cellular protection against oxidative stress. Polymorphisms in GSTM3 have been associated with altered susceptibility to various cancers and other diseases.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Lung Cancer | Reduced detoxification of carcinogens due to GSTM3 polymorphisms | PMID: 10668716 |
| Bladder Cancer | Association with GSTM3*B allele and increased risk | PMID: 15642702 |
| Colorectal Cancer | Modulation of risk via gene-environment interactions | PMID: 19088176 |
| Asthma | Altered glutathione metabolism in airway epithelium | PMID: 15642702 |
| Parkinson's Disease | Oxidative stress and impaired detoxification | PMID: 15642702 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Liver | 12.5 | Medium |
| Kidney | 8.3 | Medium |
| Lung | 6.1 | Low |
| Testis | 15.2 | High |
| Adrenal Gland | 9.8 | Medium |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HepG2 | 14.2 | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
| A549 | 7.5 | Lung adenocarcinoma cell line |
| HEK293 | 5.3 | Embryonic kidney cells |
| MCF7 | 3.1 | Breast cancer cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs1799735 (GSTM3*B) | Deletion (3-bp deletion in intron 6) | 0.12 (global) | Altered splicing and reduced enzyme activity |
| rs7483 | Missense (Val224Ile) | 0.08 (global) | Potential impact on substrate specificity |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
The GSTM3*B allele (rs1799735) is associated with reduced enzyme activity due to altered splicing, leading to decreased detoxification capacity.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations have been reported for GSTM3.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations have been described for GSTM3.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • glutathione transferase activity (GO:0004364) | • protein binding (GO:0005515) |
| • glutathione metabolic process (GO:0006749) | • xenobiotic metabolic process (GO:0006805) |
| • cytoplasm (GO:0005737) |
Pathways
• Glutathione metabolism (KEGG: hsa00480)
• Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (KEGG: hsa00980)
• Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 (KEGG: hsa00982)
Protein Summary
GSTM3 is a 225-amino acid protein (molecular weight ~26.5 kDa) belonging to the mu class of glutathione S-transferases. It forms homodimers and catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to electrophilic substrates, facilitating detoxification. The protein is expressed in various tissues, with highest levels in testis and liver. Structural polymorphisms, such as the GSTM3*B allele, can alter enzyme activity and have been linked to cancer susceptibility.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSTM3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ4809 | Human | 2947 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTM3 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ27577 | Human | 2947 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTM3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ27578 | Human | 2947 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTM3 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ70406 | Human | 2947 | Details Get a Quote |
