GSTM2: Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 2
A key detoxification enzyme involved in xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress response.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GSTM2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 2 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 1p13.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2946 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2946 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000125257 |
| UniProt ID | P28161 |
| OMIM ID | 138380 |
| HGNC ID | 4634 |
| Aliases | GST4, GSTM2-2, GSTMb, hGSTM2 |
Description
GSTM2 (Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 2) encodes a member of the mu class of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). These enzymes catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide variety of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, and products of oxidative stress. GSTM2 is highly expressed in the liver, kidney, and testis, and plays a critical role in cellular detoxification and protection against oxidative damage. Polymorphisms in GSTM2 have been associated with altered enzyme activity and susceptibility to various cancers and inflammatory diseases.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer (various types) | Reduced detoxification of carcinogens due to GSTM2 polymorphisms leads to increased DNA damage and cancer risk. | PMID: 25631648 |
| Asthma | GSTM2 variants may impair detoxification of environmental pollutants, contributing to airway inflammation. | PMID: 20010807 |
| Parkinson's disease | Oxidative stress and impaired glutathione metabolism linked to GSTM2 deficiency in dopaminergic neurons. | PMID: 23042719 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Liver | 45.2 | High |
| Kidney | 32.8 | High |
| Testis | 28.5 | High |
| Lung | 12.1 | Medium |
| Heart | 8.4 | Medium |
| Brain | 3.2 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HepG2 | 42.1 | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
| HEK293 | 18.6 | Embryonic kidney cells |
| A549 | 9.8 | Lung adenocarcinoma cells |
| MCF7 | 5.3 | Breast cancer cells |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.429C>T (p.Ser143Ser) | Synonymous | 0.12 | No change in protein sequence; may affect splicing |
| c.313A>G (p.Ile105Val) | Missense | 0.08 | Reduced catalytic activity towards certain substrates |
| c.519C>T (p.Arg173Cys) | Missense | 0.02 | Decreased enzyme stability and activity |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Missense variants such as p.Ile105Val and p.Arg173Cys reduce enzymatic activity, impairing detoxification capacity.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported for GSTM2.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No evidence of dominant-negative effects for GSTM2 mutations.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Glutathione metabolism (KEGG: hsa00480)
• Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (KEGG: hsa00980)
• Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 (KEGG: hsa00982)
• Chemical carcinogenesis (KEGG: hsa05204)
Protein Summary
GSTM2 is a 218-amino acid protein (25.6 kDa) belonging to the mu class of glutathione S-transferases. It forms homodimers and catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to electrophilic substrates, facilitating their excretion. The protein is predominantly cytosolic and highly expressed in detoxification organs such as liver and kidney. Structural studies reveal a conserved G-site for glutathione binding and an H-site for hydrophobic substrate binding. Post-translational modifications include phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation, which modulate activity.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSTM2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ4814 | Human | 2946 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTM2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ26368 | Human | 2946 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTM2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ27588 | Human | 2946 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTM2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53452 | Human | 2946 | Details Get a Quote |
