GSTA3: Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 3
A key enzyme in detoxification and antioxidant defense, with implications in cancer and metabolic disorders.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GSTA3 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 3 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 6p12.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2940 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2940 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000174156 |
| UniProt ID | Q16772 |
| OMIM ID | 138360 |
| HGNC ID | 4629 |
| Aliases | GSTAA3, GSTA3-3, GTA3 |
Description
GSTA3 (Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 3) is a protein-coding gene belonging to the alpha class of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). These enzymes catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide variety of electrophilic compounds, playing a critical role in cellular detoxification, antioxidant defense, and metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous substances. GSTA3 is expressed in multiple tissues, with highest levels in liver, kidney, and adrenal gland. It is involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and lipid peroxidation products, and its dysregulation has been linked to various cancers and metabolic diseases.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Altered GSTA3 expression may affect detoxification of carcinogens and oxidative stress response, contributing to liver carcinogenesis. | PMID: 25642768 |
| Colorectal Cancer | Reduced GSTA3 expression is associated with increased oxidative DNA damage and tumor progression. | PMID: 28411313 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | GSTA3 polymorphisms and altered expression may influence oxidative stress and insulin resistance. | PMID: 27346398 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Liver | 124.2 | High |
| Kidney | 45.6 | Medium |
| Adrenal Gland | 38.1 | Medium |
| Small Intestine | 22.4 | Medium |
| Lung | 8.9 | Low |
| Heart | 5.2 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HepG2 | 98.7 | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
| HEK293 | 12.3 | Embryonic kidney cells |
| A549 | 6.8 | Lung carcinoma cell line |
| MCF7 | 4.1 | Breast cancer cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.313G>A (p.Gly105Arg) | Missense | 0.01% | Reduced catalytic activity; associated with altered drug metabolism |
| c.419C>T (p.Thr140Met) | Missense | 0.005% | Unknown functional effect; rare population variant |
| c.1A>G (p.Met1Val) | Start loss | <0.001% | Loss of protein expression; potential loss-of-function |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Start loss mutation (p.Met1Val) and missense variant p.Gly105Arg reduce or abolish enzymatic activity, impairing detoxification capacity.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations have been reported for GSTA3 in the curated databases.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations have been described for GSTA3.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Glutathione metabolism (KEGG: hsa00480)
• Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (KEGG: hsa00980)
• Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 (KEGG: hsa00982)
• Chemical carcinogenesis (KEGG: hsa05204)
Protein Summary
GSTA3 encodes a 222-amino acid protein (25.5 kDa) that functions as a homodimer. Each subunit contains a glutathione-binding site (G-site) and a hydrophobic substrate-binding site (H-site). The enzyme catalyzes the conjugation of reduced glutathione to electrophilic substrates, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, and products of oxidative stress. GSTA3 also exhibits steroid isomerase activity, converting delta5-androstene-3,17-dione to delta4-androstene-3,17-dione. The protein is predominantly cytosolic and highly expressed in liver, kidney, and adrenal tissues. Post-translational modifications include phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation, which modulate its activity.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSTA3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ4804 | Human | 2940 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTA3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53450 | Human | 2940 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTA3 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ61924 | Human | 2940 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTA3 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ70403 | Human | 2940 | Details Get a Quote |
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