GSTA2: Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 2
A key detoxification enzyme involved in xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress response.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GSTA2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 2 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 6p12.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2939 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2939 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000174123 |
| UniProt ID | P09210 |
| OMIM ID | 138360 |
| HGNC ID | 4622 |
| Aliases | GST2, GTA2, GSTA2-2, GST class-alpha 2 |
Description
GSTA2 encodes a member of the alpha class of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which are cytosolic enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide variety of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, and products of oxidative stress. This gene is highly expressed in the liver and plays a critical role in detoxification and protection against oxidative damage. Polymorphisms in GSTA2 have been associated with altered enzyme activity and susceptibility to various cancers and inflammatory diseases.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Altered GSTA2 expression may affect detoxification of carcinogens, influencing liver cancer risk. | PMID: 25720466 |
| Colorectal cancer | Reduced GSTA2 activity due to polymorphisms may increase susceptibility to DNA damage from dietary carcinogens. | PMID: 23543064 |
| Asthma | GSTA2 variants may modulate oxidative stress in airway epithelium, affecting asthma severity. | PMID: 19015207 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Liver | 124.2 | High |
| Kidney | 18.5 | Medium |
| Small intestine | 12.3 | Medium |
| Adrenal gland | 8.1 | Low |
| Lung | 4.7 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HepG2 | 56.3 | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
| HEK 293 | 22.1 | Embryonic kidney cells |
| Caco-2 | 15.8 | Colorectal adenocarcinoma cells |
| A549 | 6.4 | Lung carcinoma cells |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.335A>G (p.Tyr112Cys) | Missense | 0.5% in European populations | Reduced catalytic activity towards certain substrates |
| c.419C>T (p.Pro140Leu) | Missense | 0.2% in East Asian populations | Altered substrate specificity |
| c.112G>A (p.Gly38Ser) | Missense | 0.1% in African populations | Decreased enzyme stability |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
p.Tyr112Cys and p.Gly38Ser reduce catalytic activity or stability, impairing detoxification capacity.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations reported in GSTA2.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described for GSTA2.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • glutathione transferase activity (GO:0004364) | • protein binding (GO:0005515) |
| • cytoplasm (GO:0005737) | • glutathione metabolic process (GO:0006749) |
| • macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0043170) |
Pathways
• Glutathione metabolism (KEGG: hsa00480)
• Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (KEGG: hsa00980)
• Chemical carcinogenesis (KEGG: hsa05204)
Protein Summary
GSTA2 is a 222-amino acid cytosolic protein (25.6 kDa) that forms homodimers. It catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to electrophilic substrates, facilitating their excretion. The protein is highly expressed in the liver and plays a key role in detoxifying environmental carcinogens and reactive oxygen species. Structural studies show a conserved GST fold with an N-terminal thioredoxin-like domain and a C-terminal alpha-helical domain.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSTA2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ4803 | Human | 2939 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTA2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53449 | Human | 2939 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTA2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ61923 | Human | 2939 | Details Get a Quote |
| GSTA2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ70402 | Human | 2939 | Details Get a Quote |
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