GRP (Gastrin Releasing Peptide)
A neuropeptide gene involved in neurotransmission, cell proliferation, and cancer biology.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GRP |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Gastrin Releasing Peptide |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 18q21.32 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2922 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2922 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000134443 |
| UniProt ID | P07492 |
| OMIM ID | 137260 |
| HGNC ID | 4605 |
| Aliases | BN, GRP-10, proGRP |
Description
The GRP gene encodes gastrin-releasing peptide, a member of the bombesin-like peptide family. It functions as a neuropeptide hormone that stimulates gastrin release, regulates smooth muscle contraction, and modulates cell proliferation. GRP is expressed in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and various cancers, where it acts as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | Autocrine growth stimulation via GRP receptor (GRPR) binding; overexpression of GRP and GRPR drives tumor proliferation. | PubMed, COSMIC |
| Prostate Cancer | GRP/GRPR signaling promotes androgen-independent growth and metastasis; elevated GRP expression correlates with advanced disease. | PubMed, ClinVar |
| Gastrointestinal Cancers | GRP stimulates gastrin release and mucosal growth; aberrant expression linked to gastric and colorectal carcinogenesis. | PubMed, NCBI |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lung | 0.4 | Low |
| Stomach | 2.1 | Medium |
| Small Intestine | 1.8 | Medium |
| Brain (cerebral cortex) | 0.6 | Low |
| Prostate | 0.3 | Low |
| Pancreas | 0.1 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| NCI-H69 (SCLC) | 12.5 | High expression; classic model for GRP autocrine loop. |
| DU145 (prostate) | 3.2 | Moderate expression; androgen-independent line. |
| MCF7 (breast) | 0.8 | Low expression. |
| A549 (lung) | 0.2 | Not detected. |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | missense | <0.01% (COSMIC) | Likely loss of start codon; functional impact unknown. |
| c.214C>T (p.Arg72Trp) | missense | <0.01% (ClinVar) | Rare variant; uncertain significance. |
| c.327_328insC | frameshift | <0.01% (COSMIC) | Predicted loss-of-function; truncation. |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Frameshift and start-loss variants are predicted to cause loss of functional GRP peptide, reducing autocrine signaling.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported in GRP; overexpression is primarily transcriptional.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mechanisms described for GRP.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • neuropeptide signaling pathway | • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
| • cell proliferation | • positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
| • extracellular space | • hormone activity |
Pathways
• Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor signaling pathway
• Bombesin-like peptide signaling
• Neuropeptide signaling
Protein Summary
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a 27-amino acid neuropeptide (after processing) that binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR), a G protein-coupled receptor. It is synthesized as a precursor (proGRP) and cleaved to generate the active peptide. GRP stimulates gastrin secretion, smooth muscle contraction, and cell growth. It is overexpressed in several cancers, particularly small cell lung carcinoma, where it functions as an autocrine growth factor.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRP Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ2691 | Human | 2922 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRPEL2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ9335 | Human | 134266 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRPEL2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ35965 | Human | 134266 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRPEL2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ35966 | Human | 134266 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRPR Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21272 | Human | 2925 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRPEL2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ34724 | Human | 134266 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRP Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53445 | Human | 2922 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRPR Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53446 | Human | 2925 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRP Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ61919 | Human | 2922 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRPR Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ61920 | Human | 2925 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRP Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ70399 | Human | 2922 | Details Get a Quote |
