GPC1 (Glypican 1)
A heparan sulfate proteoglycan involved in cell growth, differentiation, and cancer progression
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GPC1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Glypican 1 |
| Gene Type | Protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 2q37.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2817 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2817 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000163564 |
| UniProt ID | P35052 |
| OMIM ID | 600395 |
| HGNC ID | 4449 |
| Aliases | glypican-1, GPC1_HUMAN |
Description
GPC1 (glypican 1) is a member of the glypican family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, anchored to the cell surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. It plays key roles in cell growth, differentiation, and migration by modulating signaling pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, and fibroblast growth factors. GPC1 is overexpressed in several cancers, including pancreatic, breast, and glioblastoma, and is implicated in tumor progression and metastasis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Pancreatic cancer | Overexpression of GPC1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis via enhanced Wnt signaling | PMID: 25848753 |
| Breast cancer | GPC1 upregulation correlates with poor prognosis and increased cell proliferation | PMID: 26030138 |
| Glioblastoma | GPC1 expression is elevated and associated with tumor invasiveness | PMID: 27429039 |
| Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome | Mutations in GPC3 (related glypican) cause this syndrome; GPC1 role less defined | OMIM: 312870 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Pancreas | 12.5 | Medium |
| Breast | 8.3 | Medium |
| Brain | 6.1 | Low |
| Liver | 4.2 | Low |
| Lung | 3.8 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer) | 15.2 | High expression |
| MCF-7 (breast cancer) | 9.7 | Moderate expression |
| U87MG (glioblastoma) | 11.4 | High expression |
| HEK293 (embryonic kidney) | 5.0 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1234C>T (p.Arg412Cys) | Missense | 0.02% | Altered heparan sulfate binding |
| c.567G>A (p.Trp189*) | Nonsense | 0.01% | Loss of function |
| c.890_891insA (p.Asn297Lysfs*5) | Frameshift | 0.005% | Premature truncation |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Nonsense and frameshift mutations (e.g., p.Trp189*, p.Asn297Lysfs*5) lead to truncated protein and loss of GPI anchor attachment, reducing cell surface expression.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Missense mutations (e.g., p.Arg412Cys) may enhance heparan sulfate chain modification, increasing growth factor binding and signaling.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No well-characterized dominant-negative mutations reported for GPC1.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • extracellular region (GO:0005576) | • plasma membrane (GO:0005886) |
| • integral component of membrane (GO:0016021) | • glycosaminoglycan binding (GO:0005539) |
| • heparin binding (GO:0008201) | • signal transduction (GO:0007165) |
| • positive regulation of cell proliferation (GO:0008284) | • regulation of Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0030111) |
Pathways
• Wnt signaling pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-195721)
• Hedgehog signaling pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-5358351)
• Heparan sulfate/heparin metabolism (Reactome: R-HSA-1638091)
• Glypican pathway (KEGG: hsa05200)
Protein Summary
Glypican 1 is a 558-amino acid heparan sulfate proteoglycan anchored to the cell membrane via GPI. It contains a core protein with three heparan sulfate chains attached to serine residues, enabling interaction with growth factors, morphogens, and extracellular matrix components. GPC1 modulates cell signaling by presenting ligands to receptors or sequestering them, influencing processes like angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and tumorigenesis.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPC1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ4746 | Human | 2817 | Details Get a Quote |
| GPC1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ27499 | Human | 2817 | Details Get a Quote |
| GPC1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ27500 | Human | 2817 | Details Get a Quote |
| GPC1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ27501 | Human | 2817 | Details Get a Quote |
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