GPAT3: Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase 3
Key enzyme in glycerolipid biosynthesis and lipid metabolism
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GPAT3 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase 3 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 4q21.23 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 23201 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/23201 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000138669 |
| UniProt ID | Q53EU6 |
| OMIM ID | 612735 |
| HGNC ID | 24941 |
| Aliases | AGPAT9, LPAAT-theta, 1-AGPAT9, GPAT3 |
Description
GPAT3 (Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase 3) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the first step of glycerolipid biosynthesis, converting glycerol-3-phosphate to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). It is a member of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase family and is involved in triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis. GPAT3 is highly expressed in adipose tissue and plays a role in lipid storage and energy homeostasis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Obesity | GPAT3 overexpression increases triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue, contributing to lipid accumulation. | PMID: 23150577 |
| Insulin Resistance | Altered GPAT3 activity affects lipid metabolism, impairing insulin signaling in metabolic tissues. | PMID: 24698687 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | GPAT3 upregulation promotes lipogenesis and tumor growth in liver cancer cells. | PMID: 31570795 |
| Breast Cancer | GPAT3 expression correlates with poor prognosis and lipid metabolism reprogramming. | PMID: 29719225 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | 48.2 | High |
| Liver | 12.5 | Medium |
| Small intestine | 8.9 | Medium |
| Heart | 3.1 | Low |
| Skeletal muscle | 2.4 | Low |
| Brain | 1.8 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HepG2 | 15.3 | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
| MCF7 | 9.7 | Breast cancer cell line |
| 3T3-L1 (adipocyte) | 42.1 | Differentiated adipocytes |
| HeLa | 6.2 | Cervical cancer cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1015C>T (p.Arg339Trp) | Missense | 0.0004 (gnomAD) | Reduced enzymatic activity in vitro |
| c.1246G>A (p.Gly416Arg) | Missense | 0.0001 (gnomAD) | Unknown functional effect |
| c.1573_1574del (p.Leu525fs) | Frameshift | <0.0001 | Loss of function |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Frameshift mutations (e.g., p.Leu525fs) lead to truncated protein and loss of acyltransferase activity.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported in literature or databases.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No evidence for dominant-negative effects.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity (GO:0004366) | • phospholipid biosynthetic process (GO:0008654) |
| • integral component of membrane (GO:0016021) | • endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789) |
| • fatty acid metabolic process (GO:0006631) | • cellular lipid metabolic process (GO:0044255) |
Pathways
• Glycerolipid metabolism (KEGG: hsa00561)
• Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis (Reactome: R-HSA-1483206)
• Triacylglycerol biosynthesis (Reactome: R-HSA-75109)
Protein Summary
GPAT3 is a 438-amino acid transmembrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. It catalyzes the acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate using acyl-CoA substrates, producing lysophosphatidic acid. The enzyme is a key regulator of triacylglycerol synthesis and is highly expressed in adipose tissue. Its activity is modulated by nutritional status and hormonal signals, linking it to metabolic disorders and cancer.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGPAT3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1707 | Human | 56894 | Details Get a Quote |
| GPAT3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ10203 | Human | 84803 | Details Get a Quote |
| AGPAT3 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ20185 | Human | 56894 | Details Get a Quote |
| AGPAT3 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21535 | Human | 56894 | Details Get a Quote |
| AGPAT3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21537 | Human | 56894 | Details Get a Quote |
| GPAT3 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ37350 | Human | 84803 | Details Get a Quote |
| GPAT3 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ37351 | Human | 84803 | Details Get a Quote |
| GPAT3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ37352 | Human | 84803 | Details Get a Quote |
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