GLRX2
Glutaredoxin 2, a mitochondrial redox enzyme involved in oxidative stress response and apoptosis regulation
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GLRX2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Glutaredoxin 2 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 1q31.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 51022 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/51022 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000143933 |
| UniProt ID | Q9NS18 |
| OMIM ID | 609543 |
| HGNC ID | 4332 |
| Aliases | GRX2, GLRX2a, GLRX2b |
Description
GLRX2 encodes glutaredoxin 2, a mitochondrial thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of protein disulfides and glutathione-mixed disulfides. It plays a key role in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis, protecting against oxidative stress, and regulating apoptosis. The gene produces two isoforms via alternative splicing.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular disease | GLRX2 deficiency increases mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis | PMID: 21880726 |
| Neurodegenerative disorders | Impaired glutaredoxin 2 activity contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease | PMID: 25645921 |
| Cancer | Altered GLRX2 expression affects tumor cell resistance to oxidative stress and chemotherapy | PMID: 29127120 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Heart | 12.5 | Medium |
| Liver | 8.3 | Low |
| Kidney | 10.1 | Medium |
| Brain | 6.7 | Low |
| Skeletal muscle | 9.4 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK 293 | 15.2 | High expression |
| HeLa | 11.8 | Medium expression |
| HepG2 | 9.5 | Low expression |
| SH-SY5Y | 7.3 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.292C>T (p.Arg98Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Reduced catalytic activity; associated with oxidative stress sensitivity |
| c.418G>A (p.Gly140Ser) | Missense | <0.01% | Impaired mitochondrial localization |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Missense variants (e.g., p.Arg98Trp) reduce enzymatic activity, compromising mitochondrial redox balance.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • mitochondrion (GO:0005739) | • protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity (GO:0015035) |
| • cell redox homeostasis (GO:0045454) | • apoptotic process (GO:0006915) |
| • oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114) |
Pathways
• Glutathione metabolism (Reactome: R-HSA-174403)
• Oxidative stress response (KEGG: hsa04213)
Protein Summary
Glutaredoxin 2 is a 164-amino acid mitochondrial protein (UniProt Q9NS18) containing a conserved Cys-Pro-Tyr-Cys active site. It reduces glutathionylated proteins and maintains mitochondrial thiol status, protecting cells from oxidative damage. The protein is essential for mitochondrial function and apoptosis regulation.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLRX2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ2501 | Human | 51022 | Details Get a Quote |
| GLRX2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ23093 | Human | 51022 | Details Get a Quote |
| GLRX2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ23094 | Human | 51022 | Details Get a Quote |
| GLRX2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ23095 | Human | 51022 | Details Get a Quote |
