GIP
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GIP |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 17q21.32 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2695 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2695 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000159224 |
| UniProt ID | P09681 |
| OMIM ID | 137260 |
| HGNC ID | 4270 |
| Aliases | GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide |
Description
The GIP gene encodes gastric inhibitory polypeptide, also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, a 42-amino acid incretin hormone secreted by K cells in the duodenum and jejunum in response to nutrient ingestion. GIP stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner, promotes lipid storage in adipocytes, and modulates bone turnover. It is a key regulator of postprandial metabolism and energy homeostasis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Impaired GIP secretion or action contributes to defective incretin effect and reduced insulin secretion in T2DM. | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Obesity | GIP signaling promotes lipid accumulation and adipogenesis; altered GIP levels are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) | Rare variants in GIP may contribute to monogenic forms of diabetes with impaired insulin secretion. | ClinVar, OMIM |
| Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia | Excessive GIP secretion can lead to postprandial hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia. | ClinVar |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Small Intestine (duodenum) | 12.5 | High |
| Small Intestine (jejunum) | 8.3 | Medium |
| Stomach | 1.2 | Low |
| Pancreas | 0.5 | Not detected |
| Adipose Tissue | 0.3 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| K cells (intestinal) | N/A | Primary source of GIP secretion |
| Caco-2 | 0.1 | Low expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line |
| HepG2 | 0.0 | No detectable expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | missense | <0.01% | Loss of start codon, likely loss of function |
| c.205C>T (p.Arg69Trp) | missense | <0.01% | Reduced GIP secretion and activity |
| c.346G>A (p.Gly116Ser) | missense | <0.01% | Altered receptor binding affinity |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Mutations that impair GIP synthesis, secretion, or receptor activation, leading to reduced incretin effect and glucose intolerance.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not well documented; rare variants may increase GIP stability or receptor affinity, potentially contributing to hyperinsulinemia.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations reported for GIP.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Incretin pathway (KEGG: hsa04930)
• Type II diabetes mellitus (KEGG: hsa04930)
• GPCR ligand binding (Reactome: R-HSA-375276)
Protein Summary
GIP is a 153-amino acid preproprotein that is cleaved to yield the mature 42-amino acid active hormone. It belongs to the glucagon/secretin family and exerts its effects via the GIP receptor (GIPR), a G-protein-coupled receptor. The mature peptide contains two alpha-helices and a C-terminal amidation critical for bioactivity. GIP is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GIP Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1766 | Human | 2695 | Details Get a Quote |
| GIPR Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1774 | Human | 2696 | Details Get a Quote |
| GIPC1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ2197 | Human | 10755 | Details Get a Quote |
| GIPC3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ8122 | Human | 126326 | Details Get a Quote |
| SGIP1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ10031 | Human | 84251 | Details Get a Quote |
| GIPC2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ13597 | Human | 54810 | Details Get a Quote |
| IGIP Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ13815 | Human | 492311 | Details Get a Quote |
| GIP Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21639 | Human | 2695 | Details Get a Quote |
| GIPR Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21643 | Human | 2696 | Details Get a Quote |
| GIPC1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ22432 | Human | 10755 | Details Get a Quote |
| GIPC1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ22433 | Human | 10755 | Details Get a Quote |
| GIPC1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ22434 | Human | 10755 | Details Get a Quote |
| GIPC3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ35239 | Human | 126326 | Details Get a Quote |
| IGIP Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ43636 | Human | 492311 | Details Get a Quote |
| IGIP Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ43637 | Human | 492311 | Details Get a Quote |
Displaying Records 1 To 15 Of 28 Records
